Attention Deficit and Hyperkinetic Disorders in Children
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Transcript Attention Deficit and Hyperkinetic Disorders in Children
Attention Deficit and
Hyperkinetic Disorders
in Children and Young
People
Dr. Derek Godfrey (GPR)
ADHD/HKD – What are they?
Heterogeneous behavioural syndrome
Symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity and
impulsivity
HKD (ICD-10) – more severe disturbance with
significant hyperactivity component
Commonly diagnosed disorder with M:F ratio
(ADHD prevalence) of 4:1
Why is it important?
Common!
Affected children/young people often
unpopular with adults and peers
Often fail to achieve potential
Comorbid difficulties often present
Diagnostic Criteria (1)
Core symptoms:
Inattention
Hyperactivity
Impulsive behaviour
DSM-IV and ICD-10 criteria are similar but
DSM identifies 3 subtypes:
Predominately inattentive, predominately
hyperactive/impulse AND combined
Diagnostic Criteria (2)
To meet diagnostic criteria:
Onset before age 7 (ADHD) or 6 (HKD)
At least 6 months
Pervasive
Caused significant functional
impairment
Not better accounted for by other
mental disorders
Beware failure to meet above → sig.difficulties
Outcomes
No good quality data for ADHD in Scotland
Rate diminishes in adolescence/can persist
Predictors include: maternal depression,
marital discord, -ve parent-child interaction,
family disadvantage and FHx.
Current service provision for adults is limited
(See NICE guidance)
Treatment/Therapy
Dietary modification
Psychological:
Behavioural parent training
School-based interventions
Pharmacological therapy:
Only initiated by specialists
Shared care once started (Annex 2)
No evidence of benefit from alternative therapies
Mephylphenidate
Atomoxetine