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ADHD
PREDOMINANTLY INATTENTIVE TYPE
For 6+ months, 6+ symptoms of inattention
PREDOMINANTLY HYPERACTIVE-IMPULSIVE TYPE
For 6+ months, 6+ symptoms of
hyperactivity and or impulsivity
COMBINED TYPE
For 6+ months, BOTH of the above
inattention
• fails to give close attn to details (makes careless
mistakes)
• can’t sustain attn
•dislikes tasks that require sustained mental effort
• doesn’t seem to listen when spoken to directly
• fails to finish schoolwork, chores, work duties
• can’t organize task or activities
• loses things
• easily distracted
• forgetful
hyperactivity-impulsivity
HYPERACTIVITY
• fidgets w/hands or squirms in seat
• leaves seat in situations when remaining seated
is expected
•runs or climbs excessively when inappropriate (in
adolescents, manifested as restlessness)
• can’t quietly engage in leisure activity
• “on the go” or “driven by a motor”
• talks excessively
IMPULSIVITY
• blurts out answers before questions completed
• can’t wait turn
• interrupts or intrudes on others (e.g. conversations)
ADHD
- Some symptoms present before 7 yrs old.
- Must be present in 2+ contexts (e.g. school, work, social
activities.)
-I
- Inconsistent w/ developmental level.
- Prevalence 3 - 7%
- Sex Ratio 1 female: 3 males
- half continue with inattentive problems into
adulthood
- oppositional defiant disorder & conduct disorder overlap
ADHD
TREATMENT
Methylphenidate (Ritalin)
D-amphetamine (Dexedrine, Adderall)
Strattera (SNRI)
By age 3 yrs, 6+ where:
autism
2+ in IMPAIRED SOCIAL INTERACTION
•Nonverbal (e.g. eye contact, facial expression, posture, gestures)
•Development of peer relationships
• spontaneously seeks to share enjoyment, interests, or
achievements (e.g. showing, bringing, pointing at objects)
• social/emotional reciprocity
1+ in IMPAIRED COMMUNICATION
• delay or lack of spoken language
• if has speech, impaired in initiating or sustaining conversation
• stereotyped & repetitive use of language
• lack of varied, spontaneous make-believe play or imitative play
1+ RESTRICTED REPETITIVE BEHAVIOR & INTERESTS
• abnormal intensity or focus of preoccupation w/ 1+ interest
• inflexible adherence to routines
• motor mannerisms
• preoccupation w/ parts of objects
autism
Prevalence 1%
50% have mental retardation
Genetic risk in relatives
Treated with positive reinforcement &
shaping
Asperger’s Disorder
Lacks the impaired communication & MR of
autism.
2+ in IMPAIRED SOCIAL INTERACTION
1+ RESTRICTED REPETITIVE BEHAVIOR & INTERESTS