Transcript CJ 333
CJ 333 Unit 6 • Since 1993, the rate of nonfatal intimate partner violence has declined. Why? – Improved services for victims – Hotlines, shelters – Criminalization – LE increased involvement – Sanctions by courts – Public education Abuser Characteristics • Relationship alcohol/drugs • Psychoactive drugs • Gender – 86% men – According NCVS, 82% men • Age – 18-35 median 33 – NCVS reports 73% 30 & older – Dating? 50% 18-29 What does a “Batterer” look like? • • • • • • Controlling Behaviors Fear & Intimidation Animal Cruelty Manipulation Excessive Rule Making Isolation Power & Control Wheel Alcohol & Drug Use • SA also increases the severity of injury to the victim • According to NCVS, >40% under influence at time of incident • Severe drinking problems increase risk for violence and homicide • 7% of Americans or 14 million meet the criteria for alcoholism • Nonwhite women are more likely to report abuse to police then white women • Men are more likely to report to police when female was drinking and male was not drinking Women and SA • Link between female offending and SA less clear • Found that women in treatment for SA use violence in her relationships Older Adults & SA • Heavy alcohol use reported by 13% of men and 2 % of women between ages 6094 Animal Cruelty • Interest again in this area • Violence against pets predictor of adult violence in children • Threat of violence against a pet is a strong predictor of violence against intimate partner • Women in DV shelters were 11x’s > likely to report their partner hurt/killed a pet compared to a woman that hadn’t been abused. • Pet abuse influences her decision to seek safety. • If a batterer assaults or mutilates a pet, he is > likely to kill a partner • Abuser hurt pets to punish her for leaving or threatening to leave • 45 states have laws that certain types of animal cruelty is a felony Police Batterers • Extent? 7-8-10% to 20-40% little research • PD reaction? Varied – Not tolerated to handled informally to no documentation at all • Federal law prohibits police from possessing firearms if convicted of domestic violence “typical” • • • • • • • • Middle aged male patrol officers 34 average age 70% from racial/ethnic minority group Average on job 8 years Assigned to high crime precincts 83% men Victims? 48% wife, 25% girlfriend 27% ex wife/girlfriend Most immediately suspended from duty, small % arrested • 92% cases dropped for lack of testimony, lack of evidence and conflicting testimony Risk factors • • • • Weekend work Rotating shifts Dangers on job Weapons at home Abusive Women • Studies show male to female violence is more harmful then female to male violence • Female victims more likely to need medical attention & time off work due to injury • Many believe women use violence as self defense &/or retaliatory use of force • Not many studies • One study found women arrested had > rates of mental disorders • > % of PTSD, depression, anxiety disorder, antisocial personalities • Suffered from symptoms consistent with being victims rather than perpetrators Elder Abuse • If the perpetrator is a family member, it’s consider domestic abuse • Scarce research • Adult children were > likely than spouses to financially abuse and • Spouses were > likely to than adult children to physically abuse • Most common reason? Power and control • Tactics? Isolation, intimidation and threats; withholding food, medicine, sleep and/or money Sexual abuse against Older Adults • < 1% (probably underreported) • 1971-1992 % of victims 50 > ranged from 2.1 to 7% • Who are the perpetrators? – 44% are spouses & family members – 29% strangers – 12% unrelated care providers