Transcript I) Chapter 3 – Brain and Behavior

Chapter 3 – The Brain and Its Behavior
Brain and Behavior
A) Hemispheres – The brain is divided into two
halves. Each half controls the other side of the
body. (Stroke?) (Paralysis?) p. 59
B) Each half is further divided in to lobes, each of
which controls certain functions.
Ex: Temporal Lobe – hearing/speech
Occital Lobe - Sight
Demonstrations – Hemispheres together
(leg/writing) (head/tummy)
- Lobes (Song Humming)
- Split Brain Activity
Left Brain/Right Brain
C) Brain Communication – human behaviors,
memories, emotions, creativity, and even
intelligence are based on processes that take
place within cells.
1) The Nervous System – informs and responds
to stimulus.
a) Sensory – brain collects information from
senses. (sight, touch, smell, sound, taste)
b) Processing – compares info to memory,
and organizes.
c) Motor Function – info. is translated and set
into action.
Ex. Eraser Toss
2) The Neuron – a nerve cell; transmits electrical
and chemical information through the body. Via
Neurotransmitters.
a) 4 parts: Axon, Soma, Dendrite, Vesicle (which
contains the neurotransmitters)
Axon – transmits info from cell body to wall; and
other cells
Dendrite – fibers that create more area on soma to
pick up more info.
Act – p70 Neural Transmissions – shoulder tap
Synapse – the space between nerve cells where info is
transmitted (junction point) – zzzap!
• Cells cannot be repaired(?), nor multiply
• Cells are covered by fatty tissue called Myelin.
(**Multiple Sclerosis causes a breakdown of myelin)
Demo – Hand Clasp
3) Central Nervous System (CNS) – Consists of only
the brain and spinal cord.
a) Spinal Cord – serves as “automatic” brain,
and coordinates both sides of body…a type of
relay station
• Issues reflexes without brain use. Triggered by
Neuron. Paper Bits Act.
b) Paralysis – a road block at the station points on
the spinal cord. No regenerative ability… yet
research continues. (60 Minutes Robotic Limbs)
4) Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
• All nerves outside the CNS, transmits info.
To and from CNS. Consists of 2 parts:
a) Somatic – has nerves that serve major muscle
groups (movement)
b) Autonomic – controls involuntary systems
(Lung, Heart, Digestion). It too is broken in to
two parts that work together.
1) Sympathetic – provides emergency energy to
deal with crisis such as injury, stress
2) Parasympathetic – slows down,
conserves and balances a system again.
Autonomic System
D) Endocrine System – consists of several
glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream.
Hormones – regulators of bodily process’ (growth)
1) Pituitary Gland – “Master” produces the most
hormones; controls height and initiates other
glands.
2) Thyroid Gland – sets metabolism and some
emotional states. (restless/sluggish)
3) Adrenal Gland – for emergencies, or those
perceived. Giving Speeches vs. Car Accident
4) Gonads – the sex glands. Androgen (M) and
Estrogen (F) Give us our appearance.
• Considerations:
a) Role of Technology in altering and
“selecting”
b) Role of Medicines in regulating/altering –
HGH, Hormone Therapy??
Terminal Man
Lawnmower Man