Transcript Specialized organ systems

Vertebrate Origins
Haikouella lanceolata, early Cambrian
Diversity of Chordates
American toad,
Bufo americanus
56,000 species
10 mm to 40 m long
Every habitat
Large body size
Pronghorn antelope,
Antilocarpa americana
Sea squirt,
Atriolum robustum
Laughing gull, Larus atricilla
Shoal chub, Macrhybopsis hyostoma
Eastern box turtle,
Terrapene carolina
Amphioxus
(probably Branchiostoma)
Endostyle-thyroid
Chordate Characteristics
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Notochord
Pharynx
Dorsal, hollow nerve cord
Postanal tail
Endostyle-thyroid gland
Endostyle-thyroid
Chordate Characteristics
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Notochord
Pharynx
Dorsal, hollow nerve cord
Postanal tail
Endostyle-thyroid gland
Endostyle-thyroid
Chordate Characteristics
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Notochord
Pharynx
Dorsal, hollow nerve cord
Postanal tail
Endostyle-thyroid gland
Endostyle-thyroid
Chordate Characteristics
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Notochord
Pharynx
Dorsal, hollow nerve cord
Postanal tail
Endostyle-thyroid gland
Endostyle-thyroid
Chordate Characteristics
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Notochord
Pharynx
Dorsal, hollow nerve cord
Postanal tail
Endostyle-thyroid gland
How are vertebrates different from other chordates?
1. ENDOSKELETON: Vertebrae? (actually vertebrae are lacking in
hagfishes and rudimentary in lampreys)
2.
Cephalization: Cranium (all sense organs located towad anterior region
body)
3. Tripartite
4.
brain with associated complex, paired sense organs and cranial nerv
Chambered heart: CLOSED circulatory system
5. Alimentary canal (digestive system)
6. Specialized organ systems
Body Systems
• Integumentary
– Hair, skin, nails, sweat
glands and sebaceous
glands
– Protection
– Regulates body
temperature
– Houses sense organs
Body Systems
• Muscular
–
–
–
–
–
Muscles
FXN:
causes body movement
maintains posture
produces body heat
Body Systems
• Skeletal
– Bones, cartilage,
ligaments
– Aids in movements
– Support
– Protects
– Produces blood cells
Body Systems
• Digestive System
– Mouth, tongue, teeth,
salivary glands,
esophogus, stomach,
liver, sm and lg
intestines
– Breakdown food and
absorbs nutrients
– Excretes waste
Body Systems
• Respiratory
– Lungs and nasal cavity,
bronchi
– Exchange gases
Body Systems
• circulatory
– Heart and blood
vessels
– Transports blood and
nutrients thru body
Body Systems
• Excretory/ urinary
– Kidneys, urinary
bladder, urethra
– Removes waste from
blood
– maintain water
balance
– eliminates urine
Body Systems
• Endocrine
– Pituitary glands,
pancreas thyroid,
adrenal gland
– Secrete hormones to
regulate metabolism
Body Systems
• Nervous
– Brain, spinal column,
sense organs
– Respond to stimuli
Animation:
http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam-200011.htm
Body Systems
• Reproductive
– Vagina/Penis
– Reproduction
– Support dev of
embyro