Transcript Endocrine Disorders

Endocrine Disorders
Type I Diabetes
Type I Diabetes
• High blood sugar level (hyperglycemia) –
>200 mg/dL
– shaking, sweating, anxiety, hunger, difficulty
concentrating, weight loss, fatigue, increased
thirst, urinating often
• Excess excreted in urine
• Insulin dependent diabetes
– Juvenile onset diabetes
Type I Diabetes Causes
• Insulin deficiency because body does not
naturally produce insulin
• Often caused by inherited immune disorder
that destroys pancreatic cells
Type I Diabetes Treatment
• Insulin injections
• Monitor blood glucose levels
• Exercise & healthy diet
Type 2 Diabetes
Type II Diabetes Description
• High blood sugar level (hyperglycemia) –
>200 mg/dL
– Shaking, sweating, anxiety, hunger, difficulty
concentrating, fatigue, urinating often
• Non-insulin dependent diabetes
– Adult-onset diabetes
Type II Diabetes Causes
• Body does not use insulin properly (insulin
resistance)
• Pancreas makes extra insulin at first, but over
time cannot keep up and cannot make enough
insulin to keep blood glucose at normal levels
Type II Diabetes Treatment
• Insulin injections
• Monitor blood glucose levels
• Exercise & healthy diet
Graves’ Disease
Graves’ Disease
Graves’ Disease Description
• Enlarged thyroid, protrusion of eyes, lumpy
reddish skin on lower legs, excessive reactions
to stimuli, period of hyperactivity and fatigue,
tremors
• Symptoms usually develop slowly over a long
period.
Graves’ Disease Causes
• Autoimmune disorder triggered by a bacterial
infection leading to the overproduction of
hormones in the thyroid.
Graves’ Disease Treatments
• Can only treat symptoms. Antithyroid drugs,
partial or complete destruction of thyroid by
radioactive iodine, partial or complete surgical
removal of thyroid
Dwarfism
Dwarfism
Dwarfism
Dwarfism Description
• A person who is shorter than 4’ 10”
Dwarfism Causes
• Two main causes:
– Acondroplasia-a genetic condition that causes
growth factors to not be registered by the bones.
– Human growth hormone (HGH) deficiency-many
reasons for this including genetics, stress and
malnutrition.
Dwarfism Treatment
• Hormone therapy if growth hormone
deficiency.
• PT and braces if the condition causes pain.
Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism (goiter)
Hypothyroidism Description
• Poor muscle tone, fatigue, increased
sensitivity to cold, constipation, depression,
pale and dry skin, decreased sweating, weight
gain
• Goiters can develop
• Later - slow speech, deep puffy face, low body
temperature and abnormal menstrual cycles
Hypothyroidism Causes
• Iodine deficiency
• Autoimmune disorder where antibodies attack
thyroid
Hypothyroidism Treatment
• Hormone replacement pills for thyroid
hormones
• Iodine in diet
Acromegaly
Acromegaly
Acromegaly
Acromegaly Description
• Enlargement of the hands, feet, nose, lips and
ears, heart, kidney, skull
• Protruding brow and lower jaw, gaps between
lower teeth
• Headaches and visual disturbances.
Acromegaly Causes
• Overproduction of growth hormones is caused
by a benign tumor of the pituitary gland
• Tumors produce excess growth hormones and,
as they expand, compress surrounding brain
tissues, such as the optic nerves
Acromegaly Treatment
• Surgery, drug therapy or radiation therapy to
remove or destroy the tumor.
Hirsutism
Hirsutism
Hirsutism Description
• Excessive hair on the body (both men and
women)
Hirsutism Causes
• Increased levels of male hormones in body
(stimulating hair growth) or sensitivity of hair
follicles to male hormones
Hirsutism Treatment
• Drugs to reduce hormone levels OR
waxing/shaving/hair removal