Transcript Endocrine-System-FERRIS3

PRACTICE FRQ: Use the chart in order to evaluate your FRQ. Highlight the areas where
your written responses contain information outlined in the chart.
Patient
Number
Patient
1
Diagnosis
Neurotransmitter Issue
Parkinson’s Disease
Patient
2
Problems with the central and peripheral
nervous system, especially areas of the
hindbrain, mood disorders
Dopamine deficiency =key role related to regulating movement, reward,
focus, hallucinations, and delusions.. Most likely experiencing shakiness and
difficulty in movement. Could have been brought on by environmental
toxins including pesticides.
Norepinephrine excess = related to many areas of behavior. Might have
excess energy, anxiety, depression, and panic attacks… mood may be
greatly affected by this issue.
Patient
3
Inhibitory NT of CNS
-Huntington’s disease
-dementia
GABA excess = major inhibitory neurotransmitter, “nature’s valium”,
Patient
4
Depression
Serotonin deficiency = low levels can lead mood problems, eating
disorders, sleep disorders, depression.
Patient
5
Patient may have suffered a stroke or brain
trauma
Glutamate excess = major excitatory neurotransmitter related to learning
and memory. Too much glutamate can over-excite neurons and destroy them.
Patient
6
Patient is numb to pain
Endorphins excess= act like opiates, linked to pain control and pleasure
center, reduces pain by inhibiting it. Patient is experiencing numbness to
might pass out, possibly looks drunk b/c has high amounts of GABA, impairment
of motor & cognitive functions, seizures
pain and feels pretty good, but could lose consciousness and possibly die if levels
get too high.
Patient
7
Alzheimer’s Disease
Acetylcholine deficiency = related to parasympathetic nerv system, plays
a role in memory, movement, arousal & attention. Patient probably has a
lack of energy and all he wants to do is hang out and rest, can’t properly react to
stressful situations. Patient is probably experiencing increased issues related to
function of the hippocampus and, therefore, memory.
The Endocrine System
 the body’s “slow”
chemical
communication
system
 a set of glands
that secrete
hormones into
the bloodstream
Nervous System vs. Endocrine System
Both:
 Regulate conditions in body
 Use chemicals for communication
Nervous System



Chemicals =
neurotransmitters
Nervous system secretes
neurotransmitters into
CNS
Signals sent in fractions of
a second
Endocrine System

Chemicals = hormones

Endocrine system secretes
hormones into blood
stream

Chemicals can take many
seconds to begin working,
effects can last longer
(hours, days)
Hormones are Specific
Only certain cells in the body can
respond to hormones
◦ In order for cells to respond
they must have the hormone
receptor molecule
Example:
 Oxytocin= released by the
pituitary gland
◦ Acts on only 2 tissues, the
breasts and uterus
◦ Only under certain conditions
 causes uterine contractions
 causes breast tissue to
produce milk

Pituitary Gland





Controlled by the hypothalamus
Called the “master gland”
Releases hormones that regulate other glands
Posterior lobe regulates water & salt balance
Problems = growth disorders, fertility probs, impotence
anterior pituitary
lobe releases
hormones that
regulate organs
and other glands.
posterior lobe
regulates
water and salt
balance.
Thyroid & Parathyroid Glands
 Regulate metabolism and calcium
 Problems =
◦ Hyperthyroidism – nervousness, tremors,
hunger, weight loss, protruding eyes
◦ Hypothyroidism – fatigue, weight gain,
mental impairment
Adrenal Glands
 Important in stressful/emotional situations
◦
◦
adrenal cortex

Secretes cortisone, which speeds up metabolism
adrenal medulla

secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine hormones
 Problems =
◦
◦
Addison’s Disease - skin, weight & dizziness
Cushing’s Disease - muscle & bone disease
Pancreas
Regulates sugar metabolism by producing
insulin
 Problems = diabetes, cancer, pancreatitis

Pineal Gland
Connects endocrine syst with
nervous syst
 Releases melatonin
 Problems = disruptive sleep

Gonads
testicles or ovaries
 Produce sex hormones: estrogen,
progesterone, testosterone
 Problems = cancer, fertility issues

Happy Thanksgiving!!!
BBC Documentary: Brain Story

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BAzro
GRU5fQ&feature=emshare_video_in_list_user&list=PLCC64B4
5817E07D8E