Eg - Western Springs College
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Transcript Eg - Western Springs College
INTRODUCTION TO
ANATOMY
The Basic Muscles
FUNCTIONS OF
A SKELETON:
*Movement
*Protection
*Support
*Supply
Movement….
Where bones meet we
form joints. In
combination with
muscles, we create
movement. Bones move
because of joints and
muscles. E.g. elbow
moved by biceps
Protection…
Protection of
internal organs.
Eg. The cranium
protects our
brain
Support…
The skeleton
supports organs
and tissues of
the body or else
they would
collapse. Eg.
Spine supports
the head and
trunk
Storage and Supply…
The bones are a place
that store minerals that
the body needs.
Eg. Calcium in bones
Red and white blood
cells are produced in
bone marrow
Eg. Femur produces
RBC
THE INCREDIBLE MACHINE
Anatomical Position…
There are four key features to
remember:
1. The palms face forward
2. The body is upright
3. The thumb points outward
4. The face is forward
Planes of the Body….
CORONAL (FRONTAL)
separates the body into anterior
and posterior parts
SAGGITAL (MEDIAL)
separates body into right and
left parts
HORIZONTAL
(TRANSVERSE) separates the
body into superior and inferior
parts
Anatomical Terms of Direction
*Anterior
The front of the body or limb
E.g. The chest is on the anterior of the body
*Posterior
The back of the body or limb
E.g. The buttocks are on the posterior of the body
*Superior
Higher above (top) or on top of
E.g. The head is superior to the neck
*Inferior
Lower (bottom) below or beneath
E.g. The neck is inferior to the head
Anatomical terms cont.
*Medial
Towards the midline of the body
E.g. The big toe is the medial aspect of the foot
*Lateral
Further away from the midline, towards the
outside of the body
E.g. The thumb is the lateral part of the hand
*Distal
Further away from the trunk (limbs)
e.g. The wrist is distal to the elbow
*Proximal
Closer to the body (limbs)
E.g. The shoulder is proximal to the elbow
FLEXION
Flexion is bending a joint so the bones either side of
the joint are drawn together
Good example of hip flexion
Shoulder
Flexion
Elbow
Flexion is bending a
joint so the bones either
side of the joint are
drawn together
EXTENSION
Extension is
straightening the joint
so the bones either
side of the joint are
drawn apart.
Elbow
extension
Wrist
extension
Extension
Extension is
straightening the joint
so the bones either
side of the joint are
drawn apart.
EXTENSION OF THE KNEE – NOT
MEANT TO HAPPEN
ABDUCTION/ADDUCTION
Abduction is moving the bone away from the middle of the body
(taking away from the midline).
Adduction is moving the bone towards the middle of the body
(adding to the midline).
Abduction
Abduction is moving
the bone away from
the middle of the
body.
Hip abduction
Adduction
Hip adduction
Adduction is moving the
bone towards the
middle of the body.
It is the opposite of
abduction.
Shoulder
adduction
Abducted-
getting taken
away from
earth…in PE
abducted
taking away
from body.
SUPINATION/PRONATION
PRO BASKETBALL PLAYER
HOLDING A BOWL OF SOUP
Dorsiflexion & Plantarflexion
Dorsiflexion:
Movement that
involves pulling the
toes upwards
towards the tibia.
Plantarflexion:
Movement that
involves pointing the
toes downwards.
INVERSION/EVERSION
Circumduction
Circumduction is a circular
movement to describe
limbs, involving a
combination of flexion,
extension, abduction and
adduction.
For example, arm
circumduction means
moving the whole arm at
the shoulder so that the
hand traces out a circular
shape.