Transcript Muscles of the Wrist and Hand

Muscles of the Wrist and
Hand
Flexor carpi radialis
Location: Palmar
Actions:
flexion of the wrist
abduction of the wrist
(weak elbow flexion)
(weak pronation of the forearm)
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Location: Palmar
Actions:
flexion of the wrist
adduction of the wrist
(weak elbow flexion)
Palmaris longus
Location: Palmar
Action:
flexion of the wrist
Why only flexion of the wrist?
(weak flexion of the elbow)
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Location: Palmar
Actions:
flexion of fingers and wrist
(weak elbow flexion)
Flexor digitorum profundus
Location: Palmar
Actions: flexion of fingers and wrist
Flexor pollicus longus
Location: Palmar
Actions:
flexion of wrist and thumb
abduction of the wrist
Extensor Carpi Radialis
Longus
Location: dorsal
Actions:
Extension of the wrist
Abduction of the wrist
weak elbow flexion
weak elbow pronation
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Location: dorsal
Actions:
Extension of the wrist
Abduction of the wrist
weak elbow flexion
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Location: Dorsal
Actions:
extension of the wrist
adduction of the wrist
weak elbow extension
Extensor digitorum
Location: Dorsal
Actions:
extension of the fingers
extension of the wrist
weak extension of the elbow
Extensor indicis
Location: Dorsal
Actions:
extension of the 2nd phalange
weak wrist extension
weak supination
Extensor digiti minimi
Location: Dorsal
Actions:
extension of the 5th phalange
weak wrist extension
weak elbow extension
Extensor pollicus longus
Location: Dorsal
Actions:
extension of the wrist
extension of the thumb
abduction of the wrist
weak supination
“anatomical snuff box” / scaphoid
Extensor pollicus brevis
Location: Dorsal
Actions:
extension of the thumb
abduction of the wrist
weak extension of the wrist
Abductor pollicis longus
Location: Dorsal
Actions:
abduction of the thumb
abduction of the wrist
extension of the thumb
weak extension of the wrist
weak supination
Intrinsic Muscles
Thenar
eminence
Hypothenar
eminence
MUSCLES OF THE ANKLE
AND FOOT
Ankle and Foot Muscles
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Extrinsic and Intrinsic muscles
Extrinsic muscles
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Anterior muscle cause dorsal flexion
Posterior muscles cause plantar flexion
Lower leg muscles are divided into 4 compartments
Lower Leg Compartments
POSTERIOR MUSCLES
Plantar flexion
muscles
Posterior muscles
Gastrocnemius
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Actions:
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plantar flexion of the foot
flexion of the knee
Stronger plantar flexion when
the knee is extended
Superficial posterior
compartment
Posterior
Soleus
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Located beneath the
gastrocnemius
Action:
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plantar flexion
Superficial posterior compartment
Posterior
Gastrocnemius
& Soleus
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Achilles
In Greek mythology, Achilles was
the bravest and strongest of the
Greek warriors in the Trojan War.
Because his mother dipped him into
the River Styx, he was invulnerable
except at the heel by which she held him.
During the war against Troy Achilles took 12 nearby cities, but after a
quarrel with Agamemnon he refused further service.
He allowed his beloved cousin Patroclus to fight in his armor, and when
Hector slew Patroclus, Achilles returned to battle, killed Hector, and
dragged his body around the walls of Troy.
Homer mentions Achilles' funeral but not the circumstances of his death;
the later poet Arctinus relates that Paris killed Achilles with an arrow guided
by Apollo.
Achilles Tendon
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Named after Achilles
Largest tendon
1000 pounds of force
Tendon of the
Gastrocnemius and
Soleus
Plantaris
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Absent in some humans
Actions:
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plantar flexion
Superficial posterior
compartment
Posterior
Tibialis posterior
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Note: passes posterior to medial
malleolus.
Actions:
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plantar flexion
inversion of the foot
Deep posterior compartment
Medial
Posterior
Flexor Digitorum Longus
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Note: passes posterior to medial
malleolus.
Actions:
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toe flexion
plantar flexion,
inversion of the foot
Maintains the longitudinal arch
Deep posterior compartment
Medial
Posterior
Flexor Hallicus Longus
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Note: passes posterior to medial
malleolus.
Actions:
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Flexion of the great toe
Inversion
Plantar flexion
Deep posterior compartment
Medial
Posterior
Medial Ankle
Harry
medial malleolus.
Tom
Dick
Plantar flexion
ANTERIOR MUSCLES
Dorsiflexion muscles
Anterior muscles
Tibialis anterior
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Note: passes anterior to medial
malleolus.
Actions:
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Dorsal flexion
Inversion.
Anterior compartment
Anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
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Note: passes anterior to lateral
malleolus.
Actions:
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Toe extension
Dorsiflexion
Eversion
Anterior compartment
Anterior
Extensor hallicus longus
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Note: passes anterior
Actions:
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Extension of big toe
Dorsiflexion
Weak inversion of the foot
Anterior compartment
Anterior
Peroneous tertius
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Note: passes anterior to lateral
malleolus.
Action:
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Dorsiflexion
Eversion
Anterior compartment
Anterior
Peroneus longus muscle
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Note: passes posterior to lateral
malleolus.
Actions:
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Eversion
Plantar flexion
The tendon goes under the foot from
the lateral to the medial surface, thus
aiding in support for the transverse
arch.
Lateral compartment
Lateral
Peroneus brevis muscle
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Note: passes posterior to lateral
malleolus.
Actions:
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Plantar flexion
Eversion
Anterior compartment
Lateral