Transcript Health Science Core Chapter 1, 2, 3, and 4

McFatter Technical Center
Emergency Medical Technician - Basic
Health Science Core
Chapter 13
An Introduction to the Human Body
McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools
Revised: March 2008
Human Body Function
• Anatomy – the study
of the structure of the
body
• Physiology – the
study of the function
of the body
McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools
Revised: March 2008
Cells: The Basic of Life
• Cell - a basic unit of life
• Cells are made up of
jelly-like material called
cytoplasm (protoplasm)
• Cytoplasm is composed
of carbon, hydrogen,
calcium, nitrogen,
oxygen, and phosphorus
• Outer covering of the cell
is cell membrane
McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools
Revised: March 2008
Cells: The Basic of Life
• Nucleus – controls vital
functions like metabolism,
growth, and reproduction
• Mitochondria – release
energy during chemical
reactions
• Chromosomes and genes –
determine physical and
mental characteristics of a
human being
McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools
Revised: March 2008
Cells: The Basic of Life
Meiosis – cell reproduction specific for ovaries and testes
McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools
Revised: March 2008
Cells: The Basic of Life
Mitosis – cell reproduction in
which a cell divides
McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools
Revised: March 2008
Tissue
• A group of similar cells and their
cell products
• Interstitial fluid surrounds the
tissue and contains water, salt,
and various other substances
• Water accounts for 60% of the
body weight
• Dehydration is the result of not
enough interstitial fluids
• Edema is the result of too much
interstitial fluids
McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools
Revised: March 2008
Tissue
McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools
Revised: March 2008
Connective Tissue
• Supports and connects
other tissue and parts
• Adipose or fatty tissue is
soft connective tissue that
stores fat, insulates, and
energy source
• Fibrous connective tissue
serves to support joints and
hold structures together
• Osseous tissue is known as
bones
McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools
Revised: March 2008
Nervous Tissue
• Tissue made up of neurons that comprise the nervous
system
• Nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, and
nerves
McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools
Revised: March 2008
Epithelial Tissue
Tissue that lines the cavities of the body and the
principal tubes and passageways that lead to the
exterior of the body
McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools
Revised: March 2008
Muscle Tissue
• Tissue that is responsible for body movement
• Three main types:
– Skeletal
– Cardiac
– Smooth or visceral
McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools
Revised: March 2008
Tissue - Terms
• Organ – a structure within the body made up of tissue
that allow it to perform a particular function
• System – a group of organs that work together to perform
a common function
McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools
Revised: March 2008
Body Planes and Directional Terms
• Transverse plane – horizontal
line that divides the body into
top and bottom halves
• Midsagittal plane – vertical line
that divides the body into left
and right halves
• Coronal or frontal plane –
vertical line that divides the
body into front and back
McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools
Revised: March 2008
Body Planes and Directional Terms
• Superior – located above another body
part
• Inferior – located below another body
part
• Anterior – front location
• Posterior – back location
• Medial – located near the middle
• Lateral – located near the side
McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools
Revised: March 2008
Body Planes and Directional Terms
• Proximal – close to the reference
point
• Distal – something that lies distant to
the point of attachment or original
reference point
• Cranial – body part located near the
head
• Caudal – body part located near the
feet
McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools
Revised: March 2008
The 5 Body Cavities
•
•
•
•
•
Cranial
Spinal
Thoracic
Abdominal
Pelvic
McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools
Revised: March 2008
References
•
•
Pollak, Andrew N. Emergency Care and
Transportation of the Sick and Injured. 9th ed.
Sudbury, Massachusetts: Jones and Bartlett,
2005.
Stevens, Kay, and Garber, Debra. Introduction
to Clinical Allied Healthcare. 2nd ed. Clifton
Park, New York: Thomson Delmar Learning,
1996.
McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools
Revised: March 2008