Transcript Health Science Core Chapter 1, 2, 3, and 4

McFatter Technical Center
Emergency Medical Technician - Basic
Health Science Core
Chapter 1, 2, 3, and 4
McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools
Revised: February 2008
Chapter 1
Introduction to Healthcare Facilities
and
Emergency Medical Care
McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools
Revised: February 2008
History Healthcare Facilities
• 200 B.C. Buddhists in India established hospital
for crippled, sick, or weary travelers.
• 1700 Hospitals were dark, overcrowded, and
dirty.
• 1800 Hospitals began aseptic techniques and
patient outcomes improved.
• 1890 x-ray equipment utilized.
• 1900 more advancement in equipment
McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools
Revised: February 2008
History of EMS
• World War I – Ambulance squads
were used to provide care
• Prior to 1960s Ambulance service
was different:
– Hospital based
– Funeral homes
– Private vehicle
• 1966 publication of Accidental
Death and Disability: The
Neglected Disease of Modern
Society
McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools
Revised: February 2008
History of EMS
• Congress Mandates:
– Highway Safety Act of 1966
– Emergency Medical Act of 1973
• 1970 DOT developed National Standard
Curriculum
• 1980 Legislation mandated:
– Municipality provide prehospital care within
their boundaries
– Standards for training personnel and required
ambulance equipment
McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools
Revised: February 2008
Types of Healthcare Facilities
• Acute care facilities – short term
healthcare
• Extended or long term care facilities –
long term or chronic healthcare
• Urgent care – non-emergency
• Health clinics – free healthcare services
or outpatient services
• Medical offices – specific type of
healthcare
• Home health – services provided at home
McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools
Revised: February 2008
Levels of EMS Training
• First Responder – Initiate
immediate care and assist EMT on
arrival
• EMT–Basic – Responsible for
assessment, care, packaging, and
transporting of the patient
• EMT-Intermediate – Specifically
trained in ALS skills.
• EMT-Paramedic – Mastery of basic
skills and provides a wide range of
ALS skills.
McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools
Revised: February 2008
Components of the EMS System
Dispatch
• Enhanced 9-1-1
– Display address of telephone
location
– Cell phones display location with
GPS
– Speech or hearing disabilities can
communicate with keyboard and
printed message
• Emergency Medical Dispatch –
Dispatcher provides caller with vital
instructions to help them deal with
medical emergency until EMS arrival
McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools
Revised: February 2008
Components of the EMS System
Medical Director
• Authorizes EMTs to provide
medical care in the field
• Establish written protocols
or standing orders that
guide EMTs
• Provide medical direction
phone, radio, or in person
McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools
Revised: February 2008
EMT
Roles and Responsibilities
• Ensuring own safety
• Locating and safely driving to
scene
• Perform thorough assessment
• Communicate effectively with
patient on procedures you will
perform
• Properly package patient
• Give radio report to receiving
hospital
• Document all findings
McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools
Revised: February 2008
Terms
• Contagious – capable of being transferred from
one person to another; either directly or
indirectly
• Asepsis – a condition in which no pathogen,
infection, or any form of life is present
• Acute – sudden onset
• Chronic – slow to develop
McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools
Revised: February 2008
EMT
Roles and Responsibilities
Question
Patient is uncooperative, demanding, unpleasant,
ungrateful, and verbally abusive. You should:
• (A) Make them sign a release
• (B) Call them a cab
• (C) Provide compassion, respect, and best care that
you can
McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools
Revised: February 2008
Chapter 2
The Acute Care Hospital
McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools
Revised: February 2008
Chain of Command
• Organizational structure of a facility that
indicates the person or department responsible
• Large facilities have complex structures
• Small facilities have simpler structures
• EMS systems uses chain of command and ideal
span of control is 5 to 7
McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools
Revised: February 2008
Emergency Incident
Command Structure
McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools
Revised: February 2008
Types of Acute Care Hospitals
• General hospitals – most common
• Women’s hospitals – offer gynecological
services
• Pediatric hospital – special care from birth to 18
years old
• Cardiac Intervention – special care for cardiac
disease
• Trauma centers – special care for traumas
McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools
Revised: February 2008
Hospital Department
Administration
• Admissions – obtains information
• Central purchasing – purchase supplies
• Billing and Collections – deals with insurance
companies and collecting money for services
rendered
McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools
Revised: February 2008
Hospital Department
Support Services
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Transporters
Medical records
Security
Maintenance and
engineering
• Communications
• Environmental services
• Grounds keeping
McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools
Revised: February 2008
Hospital Department
Diagnostic Services
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Laboratory
Radiology or imaging
Electrocardiogram
Cardiovascular fitness
- Stress test
McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools
Revised: February 2008
Hospital Department
Therapeutic Services
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Physical therapy
Respiratory therapy
Pharmacy
Speech therapy
Dietary therapy
Cardiac rehabilitation
Occupational therapy
McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools
Revised: February 2008
Hospital Department
Nursing Services
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Ambulatory surgery or same day surgery
Discharge planning and social services
Critical care units (emergency room)
Medical surgical
Pediatrics
Labor and delivery
Post partum unit
Oncology
McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools
Revised: February 2008
Hospital Department
Nursing Services
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Orthopedics
Geriatrics
Operating rooms or surgical suites
Post anesthesia care or recovery room
Transitional care unite
Infection control department
Psychiatric or mental health department
Substance abuse or chemical dependency unit
Education department
McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools
Revised: February 2008
Terms
• Myocardial infarction – a heart attack, a
condition caused by the blockage of one or more
coronary arteries
• Sterilization – the complete destruction of all
forms of microbial life
• EKG or ECG (Electrocardiogram) – visual
picture of the heart electrical activity
• Critical care – rendering of care to patients with
life-threatening conditions
McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools
Revised: February 2008
Chapter 3
Hospital Employees and Medical Staff
McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools
Revised: February 2008
Assistant
• Nursing assistant - Provide bedside and basic
patient care to patients under supervision of
licensed nurse
• Medical assistant – work in doctor’s offices,
clinics, outpatient, and hospitals under
supervision of a physician
McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools
Revised: February 2008
Nurses
• Largest number of employees
• Registered Nurse - Administer medications,
prepare patients for diagnostic procedures,
admitting, and discharge.
• Licensed practical nurse (LPN) – vocational
training and performs technical nurse duties
• Nurse practitioner or physician’s assistant – able
to write prescriptions
McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools
Revised: February 2008
Other Positions
• Health Unit
Coordinator - Clerical
and receptionist
duties in the nursing
unit.
• Doctors – direct
patient care,
prescribe medication,
and diagnose tests.
McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools
Revised: February 2008
Areas of Specialty
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Orthopedic
Cardiology
Pulmonary medicine
Emergency medicine
Gastroenterology
Urology
Nephrology
Surgery
Neurology
McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools
• Oncology
• Gerontology
• Rheumatology
• Gynecology
• Neonatology
• Pediatrics
• Dermatology
• Cosmetic
Revised: February 2008
References
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Pollak, Andrew N. Emergency Care and
Transportation of the Sick and Injured. 9th ed.
Sudbury, Massachusetts: Jones and Bartlett,
2005.
Stevens, Kay, and Garber, Debra. Introduction
to Clinical Allied Healthcare. 2nd ed. Clifton
Park, New York: Thomson Delmar Learning,
1996.
McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools
Revised: February 2008