Transcript The Arteries动脉

The Arteries动脉
山东大学医学院 解剖教研室
李振华
The Arteries动脉
Characteristics
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Symmetry 对称
In the trunk of the body consist parietal
and visceral branches 壁支和脏支
Shortest possible course
 Run on flexor surfaces
 Usually do not pass directly through
muscles, avoiding compression
Together with the veins and nerves in a
sheath of fascia to form neurovascular
bundle 血管神经束
Pulmonary trunk 肺动脉干
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Arises from right ventricle
Runs up, back ,and to the left
Bifurcates inferior to aortic arch
into right and left pulmonary
arteries, one for each lung
Arterial ligament 动脉韧带
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Remnant of ductus arteriosus
A fibrous band that connects
bifurcation of pulmonary trunk
with inferior border of aortic
arch
Aorta
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Pulmonary Artery
Arteries of systemic circulation
体循环的动脉
★ Aorta 主动脉
Ascending aorta 升主动脉
Level of second right
sternocostal joint
Aortic arch 主动脉弓
T4下缘
Descending aorta 降主动脉
L4下缘
Common iliac a. 髂总动脉
Aorta 主动脉
Ascending aorta 升主动脉
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Arises from left ventricle
Runs upward, forward and to the right
Extends to level of second right
sternocostal joint
Branches: right and left coronary
arteries
Aorta 主动脉
Aortic arch 主动脉弓
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Continuation of ascending aorta
Curves upward, to the left and posteriorly,
then downward, arching over left principal
bronchus and pulmonary trunk to lower
border of T4 level, to become descending
aorta
Branches (from right to left )
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Brachiocephalic trunk
Left common carotid artery
Left subclavian artery
Aortic glomera－chemoreceptor
Aorta 主动脉
Descending aorta 降主动脉
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Thoracic aorta 胸主动脉
Abdominal aorta 腹主动脉
★ Common carotid a. 颈总动脉
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Origin (arises from)
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Brachiocephalic trunk on the right
Aortic arch on the left
Ascends in neck to upper border of
thyroid cartilage; bifurcates into
internal and external carotid arteries
★ Common carotid a. 颈总动脉
★ Carotid sinus 颈动脉窦
(baroreceptor), located at a
localizes dilation of terminal part of
common carotid artery or
beginning of internal carotid artery,
sensitive to blood pressure
changes
★ Carotid glomus 颈动脉小球
(chemoreceptor), lies posterior to
the point of bifurcation of common
carotid artery, senses changes in
blood carbon dioxide (oxygen)
levels
★ Common carotid a. 颈总动脉
★ External
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carotid artery 颈外动脉
Superior thyroid a.
甲状腺上动脉
descends to supply upper pole of thyroid
gland and larynx
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Lingual a. 舌动脉
Facial a. 面动脉
Occipital a. 枕动脉
Posterior auricular a. 耳后动脉
Maxillary a. 上颌动脉
Superficial temporal a. 颞浅动脉
★ Subclavian artery 锁骨下动脉
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Origin (arises from)
 Brachiocephalic trunk on right
 Aortic arch on left
End: becomes axillary artery at lateral
border of first rib
Branches
 Vertebral a. 椎动脉
 Internal thoracic a. 胸廓内动脉
 Thyrocervical trunk 甲状颈干
 Inferior thyroid artery 甲状腺下动脉
 Superascapular a. 肩胛上动脉
 Costocervical trunk 肋颈干
Vertebral a.
Inferior thyroid a.
Transvers cervical a.
Thyrocervical trunk
Costocervical
trunk
Suprascapular a.
Internal thoratic a.
Axillary artery 腋动脉
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Continuation of subclavian artery at
lateral border of first rib
Becomes brachial artery at lower
border of teres major
Divided into three parts by overlying
pectoralis minor
Axillary artery 腋动脉
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First portion, above muscle
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Second portion, behind muscle
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Thoracoacromial a. 胸肩峰动脉
Lateral thoracic a. 胸外侧动脉
Third portion, below muscle
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Anterior humeral circumflex a.
旋肱前动脉
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Posterior humeral circumflex a.
旋肱后动脉
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Subscapular a. 肩胛下动脉,
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Throcodorsal a. 胸背动脉
Circumflex scapular a. 旋肩胛动脉
Brachial artery 肱动脉
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Continuation of axillary artery
Divides into radial and ulnar arteries at
level of neck of radius
Branches
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Deep brachial a. 肱深动脉
Superior ulnar collaeral a. 尺侧上副动脉
Inferior ulnar collateral a. 尺侧下副动脉
Radial artery & Ulnar artery
桡动脉、尺动脉
Radial artery 桡动脉
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Superfical palmar branch 掌浅支
Principal artery of thumb 拇主要动脉
Ulnar artery 尺动脉
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Common interosseous artery 骨间总动脉
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Anterior interossous a. 骨间前动脉
Posterior interosseous a. 骨间后动脉
Deep palmar branch
掌深支
Superficial palmar arch 掌浅弓
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Formed by ulnar artery and superficial
palmar branch of radial artery
The curve of arch lies across the palm,
level with the distal border of fully
extended thumb
Gives rise to three common palmar
digital arteries each then divides into
two proper palmar digital arteries
Deep palmar arch 掌深弓
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Formed by radial artery and deep
palmar branch of ulnar artery
The curve of arch lies across upper part
of palmar at level with proximal border
of extended thumb
Gives rise to three palmar metacarpal
arteries
Thoracic aorta 胸主动脉
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Course
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Continuation of aortic arch at lower border of
T4
Passes through aortic hiatus of diaphragm at
level of T12 vertebra to enter abdominal
cavity
Main branches
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Parietal branches
 Posterior intercostals arteries 肋间后动脉
 subcostal artery 肋下动脉
 Superior phrenic arteries 膈上动脉
Visceral branches
 Bronchial branches
 Esophageal branches
 Pericardial branches
Abdominal aorta 腹主动脉
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Continuation of thoracic
aorta at aortic hiatus of
diaphragm in front of T12
Terminates at lower
border of L4 vertebra by
dividing into right and left
common iliac arteries
Abdominal aorta 腹主动脉
Parietal branches
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Inferior phrenic a. 膈下动脉 (one pair)
Lumbar a. 腰动脉
(four pairs of arteries that supply the
posterior abdominal wall)
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Median sacral a. 骶正中动脉
Abdominal aorta 腹主动脉
Visceral branches
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Paired branches
 Middle suprarenal artery
肾上腺中动脉
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Renal artery 肾动脉
Testicular (ovarian) artery
睾丸（卵巢）动脉
Abdominal aorta 腹主动脉
Renal artery 肾动脉
Lower accessory renal a.
Abdominal aorta 腹主动脉
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Unpaired branches
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Celiac trunk 腹腔干
－a short large artery that arises from
the front of aorta as it emerges
through the diaphragm.
Superior mesenteric a. 肠系膜上动脉
－arises from the front of aorta, at the
level of L1
Inferior mesenteric a. 肠系膜下动脉
－arises from the front of aorta, at
level of L3
Celiac trunk
Left branch
Right branch
Cystic a.
Left gastric a.
Short gastric a.
Common
hepatic a.
Splenic a.
Right gastric a.
Proper hepatic a.
Gastroduodenal a.
Splenic branches
Left gastroepiploic a.
Right gastroepiploic a.
Superior pancreaticoduodenal a.
Celiac trunk
Middle colic a.
Inf. pancreaticodudenal a.
Right colic a.
Ileocolic a.
Appendicular a.
Superior
Mesenteric v.
Superior
mesenteric a.
Jejunal and ileal a.
Inferior mesenteric v.
Inferior mesenteric a.
Left colic a.
Sigmoid a.
Superior rectal a.
Common iliac artery 髂总动脉
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Continuation of abdominal
aorta at level of L4 vertebra
Run downward and
laterally to end opposite the
sacroiliac joint by dividing
into internal and external
iliac arteries.
Internal iliac artery 髂内动脉
Parietal branches
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Obturator a. 闭孔动脉
Superior gluteal a. 臀上动脉
Inferior gluteal a. 臀下动脉
Iliolumber a. 髂腰动脉
Lateral sacral a. 骶外侧动脉
Internal iliac artery 髂内动脉
Visceral branches
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Umbilical a. 脐动脉→ superior
vesical a.
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膀胱上动脉
Inferior vesical a. 膀胱下动脉
Uterine a. 子宫动脉
Inferior rectal a. 直肠下动脉
Internal pudendal a. 阴部内动脉
Internal iliac artery 髂内动脉
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Uterine a. 子宫动脉
－about 2cm from neck of uterus it
crosses above and in front of ureter
小桥流水
Internal iliac artery 髂内动脉
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Uterine a. 子宫动脉
－about 2cm from neck of uterus it
crosses above and in front of ureter
小桥流水
Internal iliac artery 髂内动脉
Internal pudendal artery 阴部内动脉
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Course: leaves the pelvis through the
infrapiriform foramen and enters the
gluteal region. It enters the perineum
through the lesser sciatic foramen and
then passes forward in the pudendal
canal with the pudendal nerve.
Branches
 Anal artery
 Perineal artery
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Dorsal artery of penis (clitoris)
External iliac artery 髂外动脉
Branches
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Inferior epigastric artery
腹壁下动脉
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Deep iliac circumflex artery
旋髂深动脉
Femoral a. 股动脉
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Continuation of the external iliac a.
Begins midpoint of inguinal ligament
Ends at the adductor tendinous opening by
entering the popliteal fossa as the popliteal
artery
Principal branch
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deep femeral a.股深动脉
arises from the posterolateral surface of the femoral
artery about 5 cm below the inguinal ligament.
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Medial femoral circumflex 旋股内侧动脉
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lateral femoral circumflex 旋股外侧动脉
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Four perforating arteries 穿动脉
Popliteal artery 腘动脉
Course:
 Begins at the adductor tendinous
opening Here it is continuous with the
femoral artery
 Ends at the lower border of the popliteus
where it divides into anterior and
posterior tibial arteries
Posterior tibial artery 胫后动脉
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Passes downwards deep to
gastrocnemius and soleus
Passes behind medial mallealus by
dividing into medial and lateral plantar
arteries
Branches:
 Peroneal a. 腓动脉
 Medial and lateral plantar a.
足底内、外侧动脉
Anterior tibial artery 胫前动脉
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Descends on anterior surface of
interosseous membrane
In front of ankle joint becomes dorsal
a. of foot
Dorsal artery of foot 足背动脉
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Passes forward between tendons of
extensor longus and extensor digitorum
longus to the proximal
End of first intermetatarsal space
Branches
 Deep plantar a. 足底深支
 1st digital a. 第1跖背动脉
 Arcuate a. 弓状动脉