Transcript The Female Reproductive System

Review of Anatomy of The
Female Reproductive
System
Dr Jacqueline Woodman
Consultant Obstetrician & Gynaecology
UHCW
Aim



Review the principle structures of the
female reproductive system
Review briefly the function of these
structures in reproduction
State how these structures may be
assessed
External Genitalia: Inspection-Palpation
Innervation of External Genitalia
Reasons for knowing
the nerve innervation!
Two Passengers!
a successful pregnancy is a well mother and
baby after birth!
Maternal and Perinatal loss
Reasons for knowing
the dimensions of
the pelvis!
Reasons for knowing
the dimensions of
the pelvis!
The Uterus & Cervix
The cervix connects the
uterine cavity to the vagina
It consists of the internal os,
the cervical canal and external os
The ectocervix is composed of
nonkeratinized stratified squamous
epithelium.
The endocervix is composed of
simple columnar epithelium.
The area adjacent to the border of
the endocervix and ectocervix is
known as the
transformation zone.
The transformation zone of the cervix
The Transformation zone
undergoes metaplasia numerous
times during normal life when the
columnar epithelium is replaced by
metaplastic squamous epithelium
e.g. puberty, under hormonal
influence of the menstrual cycle &
menopause
All these changes are physiological.
However, this metaplasia
increases the risk of cancer
- the transformation zone is the most
common area for cervical cancer to
occur.
Examination of the Vagina & Cervix
Cusco speculum allows the cervix
to be visualised for:
swabs for infection screening
cervical screening
Simms speculum allows prolapse
to be assessed
Reasons for knowing about the cervix!
The Uterus
The uterus is composed of:
Endometrium
Myometrium
Serosal epithelium
Uterus Blood Supply
Reasons for knowing the blood supply of the pelvis!
Ana Maria Denzo, 30, died as a
result of severe bleeding. Mrs
Denzo, a nurse at Northwick
Park Hospital, was the 10th
woman to die at the maternity
unit. Mrs Denzo was induced
on Feb 23, and underwent an
emergency caesarean but
suffered severe internal
bleeding for weeks. She was
transferred to St Mary's
Hospital in Paddington, central
London, but died on March 19,
2005.
Fallopian Tubes and Ovaries
Each ovary suspended by
the mesovarium and
attached to the lateral
pelvic wall by ovarian
suspensory ligament
which carries blood
vessels to it.
Also attached to uterus
by ligament of ovary.
The Fallopian tubes, lined with ciliated epithelia, allows passage of the
egg from the ovary to the uterus.
Its different segments are (lateral to medial):
infundibulum with its associated fimbriae near the ovary,
the ampullary region (the major portion of the lateral tube)
the isthmus (narrower part of the tube)
the interstitial (also intramural) part that transverses the uterine
wall
Reasons to know about Fallopian Tubes & Ovaries!
THANK YOU