Transcript Slide 1
Health Science 1 The female reproductive system enables a woman to: produce eggs (ova) the women’s sex cells protect and nourish the fertilized egg until it is fully developed Reproduce and give birth Vulva: The external part of the female reproductive organs The labia (lips) are two pairs of skin flaps surround the vaginal opening. The labia minora The labia majora are two outer flaps of tissue that sorround the labia minora and the opening of the vagina. Clitoris: an organ of sensitive erectile tissue located anterior to the urinary meatus. Urethra (the canal that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body) is located between the labia as well as the opening to the vagina. Perineum: region between the vaginal opening and the anus Bartholin glands: 2 small glands on either side of vaginal orifice Vagina: a fibro muscular tube that connects from the cervix to the outside of the vulva. Cervix: the lower portion of the uterus that opens into the vagina. Uterus: a hollow, pear shaped organ with a muscular wall and a lining. 3 layers; endometrium, myometrium and uterine serosa Upper portion:fundus Fallopian Tubes: funnel shaped passages to the ovaries about 10 cm long. Fimbriae: finger like structures at the end near the ovaries Ovaries: main reproductive organs of women about the shape/size of an almond. produce hormones; estrogens and progesterone contains graafian follicles, which contain an ovum. Ovum released during ovulation Corpus luteum (yellow body) Breasts Accessory organ of reproduction Mammary glands Glandular tissue (contain milk glands) Fibrous and fatty tissue Lactiferous ducts (milk ducts) Mammary papilla (nipple) Areola- dark pigmented area Phases of the Menstrual Cycle Menstral Phase: Day 1-5 Bloody discharge Post-menstral Phase: Day 6-12 endometrial repair (increase in estrogen) Ovulatory Phase: Day 13-14 ovulation (graafian follicle ruptures) egg released into fallopian tube Premenstral Phase: Day 15-28 empty graafian follicle fills with corpus luteum, secretes progesterone and estrogen to build lining of endometrium for implantation; no fertilization, hormone levels change to cause breakdown of the endometrium - menses Disorders of the Reproductive System Cancer of the female reproductive system Breast, endometrial, cervical, ovarian Cervicitis: bacterial infection Chlamydia Caused by the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis, is the most common sexually transmitted Endometriosis Growth of endometrial tissue in an area other than the uterus Disorders Fibroid tumors Benign growths found in the uterus (leiomyomas) Ovarian Cysts: collection of fliud in a sac in the ovary PID: inflammation in pelvic region Fibrocystic disease: nodular consistency of the breast Genital warts Caused by one type of human papillomavirus Gonorrhea Bacterial infection and one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted diseases Herpes simplex virus One of the most common sexually transmitted diseases Disorders Syphilis Caused by a spirochete bacteria, Treponema pallidum Trichomonas vaginalis A parasitic protozoon Vaginitis A nonspecific infection Yeast infection An overgrowth of yeast in the vagina Clinical tests Pap smear: microscopic analysis of cervical cells Pregnancy Tests: Detect HCG in blood Hysterosalpingography: xray image of the uterus and fallopian tubes using contrast Mammography: xray image of the breast Ultrasound: sound waves produce an image Aspiration: withdraw fluid from a cavity Procedures Cauterization: burning Colposcopy:view vagina and cervix Conization: remove cone shaped section of cervix Cryosurgery: freezing tissue Culdocentesis: remove fluid from cul de sac D&C: scrape endometrium Exenteration: remove internal organs Laparoscopy: view abdominal cavity Tubal ligation: sterilization procedure