Transcript BIOL 1010 Human Anatomy

BIOL 1010
Human Anatomy
Dr. Joel Gluck
Email: [email protected]
Cell Phone: 401-952-1345
Why Study Anatomy?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Communication within the health professions.
In order to understand the pathology of the
human body, one must understand the normal.
Learn the interaction between body systems.
Define the significance between structure and
function.
It’s Fun. (Personal opinion)
Goals of the Course
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To provide a common anatomical language
To relate the common language of anatomy to
the functional morphology of the human body.
To provide a baseline of knowledge for the
study of physiology.
Illustrate the principle that structure and
function are related.
Why Study Anatomy?
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Provides an education rather than training.
ie: you can train a monkey to do surgery but
the monkey cannot fix a problem when it arises.
Terminology allows clear communication
between medical professionals.
Some definitions
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Morphology
-form that structures take on.
-Morphology affects function
Structure
-a part of the body. Can either be microscopic (small)
or macroscopic (large).
Function
-refers to physical behavior. What a structure does.
-Function is related to structures=Functional
Morphology
Normal vs. Abnormal
-We must understand the normal situation to
be able to compare it with and recognize the
abnormal.
Topographic Anatomy
-Structures on the surface of the skin can be
used to identify and locate deeper structures,
organs, and tissues beneath the skin.
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Structure defines and restricts function.
- certain joints can only move in one direction.
For example a hinge joint can only have motion
perpendicular to the axis of the joint. The knee
joint (hinge) cannot have motion in the lateral
direction because that goes against the axis.
Two Approaches to the Study of
Anatomy
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Systems Approach
-study of one system at a time.
-all muscles are studied together, all bones, etc..
Regional Approach
-all structures within a certain region are studied
together.
-ie: all structures in the head are looked at together.
We will utilize the REGIONAL APPROACH.
Laboratory Information
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Hands on training.
Bring lab book, an atlas, and information your
instructor tells you.
You must supply your own gloves.
Dissection kits will be supplied for you.
DO NOT CUT ANYTHING! This is blunt
dissection.
Get a 4 or 5 color pen or a set of colored
pencils.
YOU MUST PASS BOTH
LECTURE AND LAB
TO PASS THE COURSE
ANATOMY
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Study of structure.
ANA = apart
TOMY = to cut
Anatomical
Terminology
Superior
Inferior
Anatomical Position
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This is a reference position that allows for the
use of consistent directional terminology.
All descriptions of location are made from
within anatomical position.
Subject is facing forward with palms forward,
thumbs facing to the sides.
Anatomical
Position
This is the position
from which all
directions and
descriptions are made.
The person is standing
erect, palms facing
anteriorly, feet
together and facing
forward.
Superior
TRANSVERSE
PLANE
Inferior
Body Midline
EYES
Medial
Sagittal
Plane
Lateral
EARS
The Extremities have a different set of terms
The arm is DISTAL
TO THE
TRUNK or
MIDLINE OF
THE BODY
The upper arm is
PROXIMAL
The eyes are SUPERIOR to
the mouth.
The mouth is INFERIOR
to the eyes.
BACK
FRONT
The gluteus
maximus is
POSTERIOR to
the umbilicus.
C
O
R
O
N
A
L
The umbilicus is
ANTERIOR to the
gluteus maximus.
P
IN BACK OF
L
IN FRONT OF
A
Also called
DORSAL
N
E
Also called
VENTRAL
In four legged animals, the head is ANTERIOR to
the tail. In two legged animals, the head is
SUPERIOR to the tail.
In four legged animals, the region toward the head
is CRANIAL. The region toward the tail is
CAUDAL.
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE
What is the relationship?
knee to thigh
Nipple to belly button
Chin to eyes
Little toe to big toe
SKIN
SUPERFICIAL – toward the surface
DEEP – away from the surface
DIRECTIONAL TERMS FOR
MUSCLES
ORIGIN – attachment of
muscle on a fixed point, closest
to midline
THIGH BONE (FEMUR)
L
E
G
B
O
N
E
INSERTION – attachment
of muscle that is moveable,
farthest from midline.
Cardinal Body Planes
Cardinal Body Planes
Regional Terminology
Reference
Positions
Note the synonomous
pairs:
Dorsal : posterior
Ventral : anterior
Organization of the Human
Body
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The body is organized from the smallest part to
the largest part.
CELL
-simplest structural unit
-basic unit of life
-smallest unit that can live on its own
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Tissue
- a group of cells with common origin,
structure, and function.
- cells within a tissue all work toward a
common goal (i.e.: movement, nutrition, etc.)
Organ
- a group of tissues that have a common
function.
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Organ System
- a group of organs with a special function.
- Digestive System, Nervous System, etc…
Organism
- A group of organ systems that at some point
in time is capable of sustaining life.
- All organ systems work together in an
organism.