Transcript Anatomy Basic Concepts - Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation

Anatomy Concepts
Jeff Ericksen, MD
Assistant Professor, Physical
Medicine & Rehabilitation
Objectives
• Outline basic
reference concepts in
anatomy
• Review nomenclature
& terminology
• Outline relationships
of body regions
• Introduce function
terms, human
biomechanics terms
Human Anatomy: Many Levels
to View
• Cellular
• Organ
• Organ
system
• Region
• Whole
body
Anatomy Levels
• Cellular
• Organ
• Organ
system
• Regional
• Whole
body
Anatomy
Levels
• Cellular
• Organ
• Organ
system
• Regional
• Whole
body
Anatomy Levels
• Cellular
• Organ
• Organ
system
• Regional
• Whole
body
Anatomy Levels
• Cellular
• Organ
• Organ
system
• Regional
• Whole
body
The Human Body’s Jobs
• Reproduction
• Defense barrier
– Skin & microbes
– Bone, muscle and soft organs
• Input/output
– Oxygen & fuel consumption, hydration
– Waste elimination
The Human Body’s
Jobs
• Movement &
biomechanics
– Muscles, connective
tissues, skeleton, skin
• Art form?
Anatomic Position: Standard
Reference
• Enables same perspective to view body
in 3 dimensions
Anatomy Standards
• Planes of reference
• Positional relationships
• Movement definitions
– Joint movements, limb movements, whole body
movements
Sagittal planes
Coronal plane
relationships
Abduction
Adduction
Circumduction
Dorsiflexion
Plantarflexion
Inversion (supination)
Eversion (pronation)
Abduction
Adduction
Extension
Flexion
Body Regions To Study
•
•
•
•
•
Head & neck
Torso
Upper limb
Pelvis
Lower limb
Structural Concepts
• Biologic design consists of balance
between tension and compression
structural elements in viruses, cells,
organs and whole animals.
– Tensegrity = tension integrity
– Buckminster Fuller & geodesic domes.
Musculoskeletal System
• Tensile elements = muscles, ligaments,
tendons, joint capsules, menisci, and
fascia.
• Compression elements = bones.
Tensegrity Allows Torque
Reduction