Transcript Body Systems - emseducation.info

Body Systems
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Musculoskeletal System
Respiratory System
Cardiovascular System
Anatomy of the heart
Circulation of blood
Components of blood
Pulse
Blood Pressure
Nervous System
Digestive System
Skin
Function
Layers
Endocrine System
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Anatomical position
Anterior
Posterior
Superior
Inferior
Proximal
Distal
Medial
Lateral
Musculoskeletal System
Skeleton
 Skull
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Houses and protects the brain
Cranium: Orbit; Nasal Bone; Maxillae,
upper jaw; Mandible, lower jaw;
Zygomatic arches
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Houses and protects the brain
Cranium: Orbit; Nasal Bone; Maxillae,
upper jaw; Mandible, lower jaw;
Zygomatic arches
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Spine
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5
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5
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4
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Cervicle-7; Thoracic-12; Lumbar-5;
Sacral-5; coccyx-4
Thorax
Ribs
Sternum
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Illiac Crest
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Pelvis
Ilium
Pubis
Ischium
Acetabulum
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Ilium: Superior bone that contains the
Iliac Crest;
Pubis, anterior portion;
Ischium, inferior/posterior portion;
Acetabulum, socket of the hip joint
Lower Extremities
Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
Medial and Lower mallelous
Tarsals and metatarsals
Calcaneus
Phalanges
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Medial and Lower Mallelous; surface landmarks of the ankle joint
Upper Extremities
Clavicle
Scapula
Acromioclavicular Joint
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges
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Carpals: Wrist
Metacarpals: Hand
Phalanges: Fingers
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Joints
Bones connect to other bones
Types: Ball and socket; Hinge
Muscles
Function
Voluntary
Involuntary
Cardiac
 Function: Gives the body shape;
provides for movement
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Voluntary
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Skeletal
Attached to bone
Form the major muscle mass
Under control of the nervous system and
brain
Can be contracted and relaxed at your
will
Responsible for movement
Involuntary
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Smooth
Found in the GI tract, urinary system,
blood vessels and bronchi
Control the flow of blood
Carry out the automatic muscular
functions
No direct control
Respond to stretching, heat and cold
Cardiac
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Found only in the heart
Involuntary
Own supply of blood; coronary artery
system
Can tolerate interruption for very short
periods
Automaticity: Ability of muscles to
contract on their own
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
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Anatomy
Physiology
Infant and child anatomy considerations
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Pharynx
Oropharynx
Nasopharynx: Area posterior to the nose
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Epiglottis
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Trachea
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Windpipe
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Cricoid Cartilage
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Lower portiion of the…….
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Larynx
Voicebox
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Bronchi
Subdivides into smaller air passages
ending at the alveoli
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Lungs
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Diaphragm
Respiratory Physiology
how we breathe
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Inhalation
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Based on concentration of gasses or
pressure. The intercostal muscles and
the diaphragm contract, increasing the
size of the thoracic cavity. The
diaphragm moves slightly downward, the
ribs move upward/outward and air flows
into the lungs
Exhalation
Reverse the process
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The intercostal muscles relax,
decreasing the size of the of the thoracic
cavity
Diaphragm moves upward
Air flows out of the lungs
Alveolar/capillary exchange
 Oxygen enter the alveoli during each
inspiration
 Oxygen poor blood in the capillaries
passes into the alveoli. Oxygen enters
the capillaries as CO2 enters the alveoli
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Capillary/Cellular exchange
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Cells give up CO2, Capillaries give up
O2 to the cells
Infant and Child Anatomy
Considerations
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Mouth and Nose
Pharynx
Trachea
Cricoid Cartilege
Diaphragm
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Mouth and nose; structures are smaller
and more easily obstructed. Pharynx;
tongue takes up proportionally more
space. Trachea; softer and more
flexible. Cricoid Cartilege; less
developed and less rigid. Diaphragm;
chest wall is softer, infants and children
depend on the diaphragm for breathing
Cardiovascular System
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Anatomy of the heart
Circulation of the blood
Composition of the blood
Pulse
Blood pressure
Perfusion
Anatomy of the heart
Atria
Ventricles
One way valves
Conductivity
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Arteries
Coronary
Aorta
Pulmonary Artery
Carotid
Brachial
Radial
Posterior tibial: medial malleous
Dorsalis Pedis; top of the foot
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Carry blood away from the heart
Aorta: Largest artery; divides at the
navel into the iliac arteries
Carotid; major artery of the neck,
supplies head with blood
Arterioles
Capillaries
Veinules
Veins
Superior vena cavea
Inferior vena cavea
Pulmonary vein
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Composition of the Blood
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Plasma
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets
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Plasma; watery salty fluid that make up
over half the volume of blood. Red and
white blood cells and platelets are
carried in the plasma
Red Blood Cells, Erythrocytes; Gives
blood its color, carries o2 to the tissues
and co2 away from the tissues
White blood cells; Fight infection
Platelets; clotting
Nervous System
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Brain
Spinal Cord
Nerves
Central Nervous System: Brain and
Spinal Cord
Peripheral Nervous System
Sensory
 Carry information from the body to the
brain and spinal cord
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Motor
 Carry information from the brain and
spinal cord to the brain
Digestive System
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Function
Organs of digestion
Organs that assist in food breakdown
Function
 Food travels through the body and is
digested or broken down into absorbable
forms
Organs of Digestion
 Stomach
 Small intestine
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Stomach: Hollow organ; expands as it fills with food
Small intestine: Hollow organ where food absorption takes place;
Divided into 3 parts: Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
Large Intestine; hollow organ; removes water from waste products
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Duodenum: Breakdown of food; Regulates the rate at which the stomach
empties
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Jenunum: Absorbs nutrients
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Ileum: The function of the ileum is mainly to absorb vitamin B12 and bile salts and whatever
products of digestion were not absorbed by the jejunum.
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Large Intestine
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Large Intestine; hollow organ; removes
water from waste products
Organs that assist in food breakdown
 Liver
 Gallbladder
 Pancreas
 Spleen
 Appendix
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Liver: Solid organ; produces bile and
breaks down fats
Gallbladder: Stores bile from the liver
Pancreas: Produces insulin
Spleen: Solid organ; filters blood; hold
significant quantities of blood
Appendix
Skin
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Function
Layers
Function: Protection; water balance; temperature regulation;
excretion; shock absorption
Layers:
Epidermis; outermost most layer
Dermis: Deeper layer of the skin; contains sweat and
sebaceous glands, hair follicles, blood vessels, and nerve endings
Subcutaneous: The third layer of human skin is called
the subcutaneous (meaning “under the skin”) fatty layer. It is made up
of fat cells, connective tissue, and
blood vessels. It also contains
hair roots, from which hair growth takes place. The fat in this layer
supplies nutrients to the other two layers. It also cushions the body
and protects it from the cold.
Endocrine System
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Produces Hormones
Interacts with many other body systems
Hormones: Chemical Messengers ie
insulin, epinephrine that help to regulate
body functions and activities