Sports Medicine 20 - Salisbury Composite High School
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Transcript Sports Medicine 20 - Salisbury Composite High School
SPORTS MEDICINE 20
Project B: Intermediate Anatomy, Assessment & Program Design
HCS 2910
Why Tape?
Provide support to vulnerable structures
Taping is not a replacement for adequate
rehabilitation
Taping
is one type of treatment in the whole process
Used to reinforce damaged ligaments
The
interim repair tissue is collagen (scar tissue)
Scar tissue is strong but not elastic
It is prone to re injury in early stages of healing
Proper taping and strapping can provide support to
healing tissue
When to Tape?
Taping is used for:
Acute
injury management
Used
in post injury rehabilitation phase when returning to
weight bearing exercises
Injury
Prevention
Depending
Return
on Budget, it is used as a preventative measure
to Activity
When not to Tape?
You should not tape if further assessment of the
injury is required other than to provide support
You should not tape if the injury is acute and
active swelling.
Do not tape after ice application
Do not tape overnight
Do not tape if you are unsure of the severity of
the injury or if unsure of technique
Certain sports may prohibit the use of tape
Do not tape pre pubertal athletes
Preparation for taping?
Skin surface should be clean of oil, perspiration
and dirt
Hair should be removed
Tape adherent is optional but recommended
Foam and skin lubricant should be used to
minimize blisters and skin irritation
Pro wrap can be used but the anchors need to
be adhered to the skin
Rules for taping application?
Tape in the position in which the joint must be
stabilized
Overlap the tape by half
Avoid continuous taping
Keep tape roll in hand whenever possible
Smooth and mold tape as it is laid down on skin
Allow tape to follow contours of the skin
Start taping with an anchor piece and finish by
applying a lock strip
Do not apply tape if skin is hot or cold
Post Taping
After game or practice:
Ensure
that the athlete carefully removes the
tape
Check for blister, cutes or other skin problems
Advise athlete if there are signs of irritation
Wash away traces of the tape adherent
Anatomy and Injuries
The human body is designed for linear
motion, either forward or backward, based
on the design of the body’s joints.
Sports,
however involve rotational or angular forces on
joints.
These forces affect the type and severity of injury
sustained by an athlete
This in turn will dictate the type of taping technique
employed to provide support
Regional Terminology
You need to be familiar with regional
terminology that will be used throughout to
direct you in the proper taping and
strapping
Athletic
First Aid is more than just the functions
of ligaments, tendons and muscle tissue
Human Skeleton Planes and Terms
Human Skeleton Terminology
Inferior/Superior—Medial/Lateral
Superior/Inferior
Defined
by the Transverse Plane
Superior structures are above the plane
Inferior structures are below the plane
Medial/Lateral
Defined
by the Mid Sagittal Plane (Midline)
Lateral refers to structures further away from
midline
Medial refers to structures closer to the midline
Proximal/Distal—Anterior/Posterior
Proximal/Distal
Defined
from a specific point
Proximal structures are closer to the specific point
Distal structures are farther from the specific
point
Anterior/Posterior
Defined
by the Frontal Plane
Anterior structures are in front of the plane
Posterior structures are behind the plane
Joint Movements
For every movement a human body can
make, a specific muscle or muscle group
contracts to make the motion.
All
of these movements are described in
terms of the anatomical position
Anatomical
position is a neutral position, with
eyes, toes and palms facing forward
Flexion/Extension—Pronation/Supination
Flexion/Extension
In flexion the angle formed by the joint gets smaller
In extension the angle formed by the joint gets larger
Flexion and Extension are performed in the sagittal plane
unless there is another movement accompanied the
flexion/extension
Pronation/Supination
These movements refer to rotational movement with the hands
Pronation is palms facing upwards (External rotation)
Supination is palms facing downward (Internal rotation)
Elevation/Depression-Protraction/Retraction
Elevation/Depression
Typically
involve the shoulder
Elevation is when the shoulders are shrugged
Depression is when they are pulled down and back
Depression contributes to good posture
Protraction/Retraction
These
movements refer to lateral movement with the
body as a reference point
When the shoulder is pulled back this is retraction
When the shoulder is pushed forward this is protraction
Retraction contributes to good posture
Adduction/Abduction-Circumduction/Rotation
Adduction/Abduction
These movements refer to vertical movement with the body
as a reference point
Abduction means to move away from the body
Adduction means to move towards the body “Add in”
Circumduction/Rotation
Similar movements that are often confused
Rotation takes place around an axis (a bone)
Circumduction is not limited by an axis
Arms
circles are circumduction
Opposition-Dorsiflexion/Planterflexion-Inversion/Eversion
Opposition
This movement separates us from other primates
When the thumb and pinky touch
Dorsiflexion/Planterflexion
Named after the surfaces of the foot
Dorsiflexion means flexing foot upwards
Planterflexion means flexing foot downward
Inversion/Eversion
These movements are key in ankle injuries
Inversion rotates the ankle toward the midline (most common
ankle injury
Eversion rotates the ankle away from the midline
Human Skeleton
Skull
Mandible (Jaw)
Clavicle (Collarbone)
Sternum
Humorous
Ribs
Vertebrae
Pelvis
Radius
Ulna
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges
Femur
Patella (Kneecap)
Tibia
Fibula
Tarsals
Metatarsals
Phalanges
The Right Shoulder
The Right Shoulder
There are a number of bursae in the shoulder joint.
Bursae are fluid filled sacs that are designed to
reduce friction between tissues
The most important and often irritated bursa in the
shoulder is the sub-acromial bursa.
It
is typically hurt in overhand throwing
The humeral head compress the bursa causing
inflammation and pain
The Bones of the Shoulder
The Bones of the Shoulder
The Bones of the Shoulder
The Acromioclavicular Joint is on top of the shoulder
This is called the AC joint for short and connects the
acromion process of the scapula with the clavicle
providing the top section of the shoulder socket
There is little protection for this joint and it is
frequently injured in collisions with the ground or the
boards
Rotator Cuff Muscles in the Shoulder
Rotator Cuff Muscles in the Shoulder
The rotator cuff muscles provide stability of the
Glenohumeral Joint
The Rotator Cuff tendons work to keep the humeral
head in the Glenoid fossa
Theses muscles are integral in the braking
mechanism of the arm during overhead throwing or
striking actions
The Glenohumeral Joint is separated when the arm
is away from the body and contacts the ground or
playing surface
The Bones of the Elbow
The Healthy Elbow
Elbow Hyperextension
This injury usually occurs when the arm is fully
extended with the palm facing forward and is
forced backwards
The critical components of a successful taping
technique is to keep the arm flexed when the fan is
applied.
Use elastic tape for the anchors to not cut off
circulation in the arm
Bones of the Wrist/Hand
Scaphoid Bone Break in the Hand
Scaphoid Bone break in the hand can be a very
serious injury
Limited
blood flow to the bone leads to slow recovery
People with broken scaphoids can get impatient resulting
in removal of casts and re injury of the bone
If this occurs repeatedly blood flow can diminish even
further sometimes resulting in the bone dieing
Muscle of the Thigh
Muscles and Movements of the Thigh
Quadreceps
Hamstrings
Biceps Femoris: Hip Extension and Lower Leg Flexion
Semitendonosus and Semimembranonus: Lower Leg Flexion
Gluteals
Rectus Femoris: Hip Flexion and Lower Leg Extension
Vastus Medialis, Intermedialis, Lateralis: Lower Leg Extension
Gluteus Maximus: Hip Extension and Hip Abduction
Adductor Muscles
Gracilis, Adductor Magnus, Adductor Longus: Hip Adduction
Ligaments of the Knee
Ligaments, Meniscus and Cartilage
Knee Sprains
1st Degree sprain
2nd Degree sprain
Ligament is torn but not ruptured
3rd Degree sprain
Ligament is stretched or slightly torn
Ligament is completely ruptured
Meniscus, cartilage and spacing
Bones of the Ankle
Anatomy of an Inversion Ankle Sprain
3 Arches of the Foot
How do our Arches create problems for us?
The arches of the foot are the most overlooked
structure in athletes.
They are designed to absorb and distribute body
mass and to improve movement by increasing speed
and agility
The Medial Longitudinal and the Transverse arches
act as shock absorbers
Poor
arches can lead to shin splints, knee, hip and back
problems