Transcript CAPE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY * Unit 2

INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
Unit 2 SO 1 - 3
What is Information Management?
 Information management (IM) is the collection and
management of information from one or more sources
and the distribution of that information to one or
more audiences. This sometimes involves those who
have a stake in, or a right to that information.
Management means the organization of and control
over the structure, processing and delivery of
information. In short, information management
entails organizing, retrieving, acquiring and
maintaining information.
Popular Definitions of IM
 the procedure of collecting data and processing, presenting and
communicating information
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/SA_NCS_Computer_Application_Technology:G
lossary
 The provision of relevant information to the right person at the right
time in a usable form to facilitate situational understanding and
decision making. It uses procedures and information systems to collect,
process, store, display, and disseminate information. (FM 3-0)
https://rdl.train.army.mil/soldierPortal/atia/adlsc/view/public/74221/fm/313/glos.htm;jsessionid=MvnFH3yTHgWVsbGdH1zbk0Jyx82JCpBghJJln
pvwQhY51vkgrgQQ!74318302
 The planning, budgeting, manipulating, and controlling of information
throughout its life cycle.
www.stanlake.co.uk/recruitment-candidates/recruitment-glossary.php
 The entire process of defining, evaluating, protecting, and distributing
data within an organization. ...
www.storsoftcorp.com/Glossary.htm
STEPS IN INFORMATION MANGEMENT
Why is Info. Management
important?
 Helps to ensure consistency in data recording
 Helps to ensure effective functioning of organization
 Assists in timely decision making by managers
 Increases the understanding of situation in which
decisions needs to be made
 Increases the reliability of data used in decision
making
 Adherence to the steps/procedures increases accuracy
in data management/storage
What are the benefits achieved
from IM?
 Improves decision making when data is accurate
 Improves information access and protects against
improper use
 Reduce wastage – having had the right info to make
the right decision by the right person at the right time
 Review previous decision or data to assist with future
decisions
 Gives competitive advantage
 Trust worthiness to stakeholders is increased
What are the dangers of improper
IM?
 Inaccurate data being used to make decision
 Information being passed to unauthorised persons
 Can lead to propaganda and other misuse of
information
 Loss of trust in IT systems by stakeholders
 Loss on income, loss of privacy and exposure of
organizational operations to unathorised persons
Key Terms in IM
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Fields .. Data types
Records
Tables
Files
Database – types of
database:
Hierarchical,
Relational, Network
 Database
Management
System
How are files and Databases useful
in organizations?
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Store information
Organize information
Search for information
Retrieval of information
Eliminate redundancies
Supports Data Mining
Activities
 Support development of
Data Marts
 Supports the creation
and maintenance of Data
Warehouses
 Problems with Data
Mining
 Issues relating to Data
Mining
 Data Marts
 Data Warehouses
History of Data Storage
 Trace the
history
and
developm
ent of
Data
Storage
and its
devices
(medias)
History of
Data
Storage
Devices
Punched Card 1725
Magnetic Tape 1950s
Cassette Tape
Punched Tape 1846
Magnetic Drum Floppy Disk 1969
Selectron tubes 1946
Hard Disk
Compact Disc 1979s –
80s
History of Storage Devices
Holographic Versatile Disk
DVD
Flash Cards
DVD R
Formats of Data
 Text Based
 ..
 ..
 MP3, MP4
 Multimedia – contains
music, video, movies,
animation, graphics, etc.
File Access Methods
 Sequential Access -
that a group of elements
(e.g. data in a memory
array or a disk file or on a
tape) is accessed in a
predetermined, ordered
sequence. Sequential
access is sometimes the
only way of accessing the
data, for example if it is
on a tape
Random
Access
(sometimes called direct access) is
the ability to access an arbitrary
element of a sequence in equal time
Other Issues:
 SPEED