Transcript Lesson-1-Lexical

Lexical Change
Aim: To investigate how words and the formations of words change
over time – and why.
Starter: Look at the following lexis – and sort them into three
categories:
forsooth
Gofer
selfie
enow
vodka
zen
remix
thy
Bark (of a guacamole
Credit
ginseng To Google
ship)
funk pyjamas
(verb)
crunch
Borrowed (loan words):
taken from another
language
blog
Coined:
completely new lexis.
Archaic:
lexis that is no longer in
use.
Stretch: Why has language evolved in this way?
Call My Bluff…
Pick one of these words which was recently entered into the OED. Find
the real definition and write two more “false” definitions of the word
and be prepared to present them to the class who will have to guess
which definition is the genuine one.
http://public.oed.com/the-oed-today/recent-updates-to-theoed/september-2016-update/new-words-list-september-2016/
Key Vocabulary:
Neologism:
A neologism is the name given to a relatively new term, word, or phrase that may be in the
process of entering common use, but that has not yet been accepted into mainstream language.
AO1
Apply appropriate methods of language analysis, using associated terminology and
coherent written expression.
Key Vocabulary:
Neologism:
• A neologism is the name given to a relatively new term, word, or
phrase that may be in the process of entering common use, but that
has not yet been accepted into mainstream language.
Different types of neologisms – Station 1
Look at the words below and work out how and why they’ve been
created. Then think about the implications of each word:
Different types of neologisms – Station 2
Look at the words below and work out how and why they’ve been
created. Then think about the implications of each word:
Different types of neologisms – Station 3
Look at the words below. Try to work out how and why they’ve been
created. Then think about the implications of each word:
Different types of neologisms – Station 4
Look at the words below. Try to work out how and why they’ve been
created. Then think about the implications of each word:
Can you match the term to the definition?
• Coinage/neologism
• Borrowing/loan words
• Compounding
• Clipping
• Blending
• Acronym
• Initialism
• Affixation
• Conversion/functional shift
• Eponym
• Back formation
• A verb created from an existing noun by removing a suffix (i.e.
locate from location)
• Deliberate creation of a new word. Uncommon
• Combined words to create new ones. May be hyphenated, open or
solid.
• Combination of clipping and combining.
• Name of person or company used to define particular objects. E.g.
hoover, pasteurise
• First letters taken to form a new term. E.g. NATO or FOMO
• Free morphemes combined with bound morphemes e.g. regift
• Word shifting from one class to another. Usually noun – verb e.g. I
googled it.
• Shortened words become the norm.
• Borrowing of words from other languages. They may be anglicised
so they do not ‘look’ like loan words.
• First letters taken to form new term but all letters are pronounced
e.g. OMG or CD
Look at these neologisms (coined words). How were
they formed? What do they suggest about society?
Road rage
Blairism
Mockney
carbicide
A ‘domestic’
overshare
phubbing (when you ‘snub’ someone by looking at your phone in a
social setting)
smartwatch
unplugged wedding
Lexical loss
This image is an extract
from Samuel Johnson’s
Dictionary (which we will
see when we go to his
house). How many words
do you recognise? Read
through Johnson’s
definitions – do these words
have the same meanings
now as they did in 1755?
Check with a good
dictionary website on your
iPad.
Lexical loss
This image is an extract
from Samuel Johnson’s
Dictionary (which we will
see when we go to his
house). How many words
do you recognise? Read
through Johnson’s
definitions – do these words
have the same meanings
now as they did in 1755?
Check with a good
dictionary website on your
iPad.
Lexical loss
This image is an extract
from Samuel Johnson’s
Dictionary (which we will
see when we go to his
house). How many words
do you recognise? Read
through Johnson’s
definitions – do these words
have the same meanings
now as they did in 1755?
Check with a good
dictionary website on your
iPad.
Other language levels…
Do you notice any
grammatical differences in
Johnson’s defintions?
Any spelling differences?
Any typographical
differences?
Homework – Practice Section A answer
• Analyse how Text A uses language to create meanings and
representations.
• Choose one of the extracts from the Dictionary and write a Section A
Question 1/2 response.
• Remember that you need to discuss BOTH the language levels AND
context – language change will come under context.
Don’t forget
Hudson’s
Dimensions of
Mode