Transcript reciprocal teaching

RECIPROCAL
TEACHING
Overview
&
Discussion Groups
What is Reciprocal Teaching?
Reciprocal teaching is an instructional strategy that
utilizes 4 skills to help the students better connect
with and understand a piece of text or important
information.
The main goal is to have the students master each
skill so that they can participate in structured and
student driven discussion groups.
Reciprocal teaching can be used in any subject.
The FOUR Skills
Questioning
Clarifying
Summarizing
Predicting
QUESTIONING
• Questioning what we read tests our
understanding.
• Questioning helps us figure out what’s
important and what’s not important.
• Questioning allows us to dig deeper.
• Questioning helps us discover how to find the
correct answer.
QUESTIONING
• On-the-Surface
– Answer can be found
word-for-word in the
reading.
– The answer tells what
happened or what was
said.
– The answer helps us
retell the main events
– The answer helps us
explain the who, what,
when, and where.
• Under-the-Surface
– The answer can be
strongly implied by the
text, but not directly
stated.
– The answer can be
inferred.
– The answer can be
based upon our
opinion.
– The answer helps us
explain the why and
how of the content.
CLARIFYING
• Clarifying helps us recognize words we don’t
know or understand.
• Clarifying allows us to use context clues to
determine the meaning of new words.
• Clarifying helps us to think critically about
words or ideas.
• Clarifying connects new information to prior
knowledge.
CLARIFYING
• WORDS
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Reread text
Look at word parts
Pronounce the word
Look for signal words
Determine the part of
speech
– Use punctuation clues
– Use the dictionary or
glossary
• IDEAS
– Analyze the author’s
choice of words
– Visualize the situation
– Determine the
sequence of the
information presented
– Read for clues about
the author’s intent
– Connect the
information to what we
know or have learned
SUMMARIZING
• Summarizing means restating the text in words.
• Summarizing is a shortened version of the text,
made up of only the most important ideas.
• Summarizing helps us understand the
sequence and organization of the text.
• Summarizing let’s us look at the text from the
author’s point of view.
SUMMARIZING
• Restate the Text
• Visualize the Text
– Take notes on main
ideas
– Create symbols to
represent information
– Identify OTS and UTS
information
– Think about word
relationships
– Answer who, what,
when, and where
– Picture concrete items
PREDICTING
• Predicting lets us use what we already know by tapping
into our prior knowledge.
• Predicting can help us become a better reader and
listener.
• Predicting helps us compare what we already know with
what we will learn.
• Predicting gives us an important reason for reading or
listening-we want to see if our prediction comes true.
PREDICTING
• NARRATIVE TEXT
– Figure out what is
going to happen next
in the story
– Use the covers,
pictures, and chapter
titles
– Read for clues about
character, setting, plot,
or theme
– Check our prediction
and provide evidence
• EXPOSITIORY TEXT
– Figure out what the
author is going to tell
you next
– Use the chapter titles,
headings, bold words,
and focus questions
– Study the maps,
charts, and graphs
– Identify the author’s
purpose and audience
The
Discussion
Groups
RT Packet
• The Group leader (usually the Questioner) gets the
packet.
• Pass out the cards and paper.
• Each member then writes the appropriate
“starter” phrase.
QUESTIONER
• Write 1-2 On-the-Surface questions during the
reading.
• Write 1-2 Under-the-Surface questions during
the reading.
• Write the page number and paragraph where the
OTS answer can be found.
• Share your job expectations with your group.
CLARIFIER
• List 1-3 words that need to be clarified.
• Write down the page number and paragraph for
future reference.
• Attempt to clarify the word prior to discussion.
• Share your job expectations with your group.
SUMMARIZER
• Take notes during the reading.
• Focus on the most important information.
• Write a 3-5 sentence summary of the most
important information.
• Share your job expectations with your group.
PREDICTOR
• Think about possible predictions during the
reading.
• Gather supporting evidence from the text.
• Write a prediction with evidence.
• Share your job expectations with your group.
RT Discussion Group
• Each member MUST participate.
• The discussion starts with the Questioner, then
the Clarifier, followed by the Summarizer, and
closing with the Predictor.
• Each member completes their portion of the RT
Discussion Organizer, and prepares for whole
class share-out.