Transcript Spelling Rules Powerpoint

Be a Master Speller:
Follow the Rules
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English spelling can be frustrating for
native speakers, and especially for nonnative speakers.
English is consistently inconsistent;
therefore, following rules and suggestions
offered will help you become a Master
Speller and will help you to be able to find
exceptions to rules.
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Practice writing words
Break words up in syllables
Look the meaning up in a dictionary
Review for 15-20 min. daily
Create a sentence using spelling words
Create a story using spelling words
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• We must know and understand the rules
of spelling in order to understand the
exceptions.
• English is one of the most difficult
languages even for native speakers.
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i before e, except after c
achieve, believe, bier, brief, chief, fiend,
friend, grief, grieve, hygiene, patience,
pierce, priest, thief
ceiling, conceive, conceit, deceive, deceit,
perceive, receipt, receive
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Written by J.Nogowski
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words that make the “a” sound
beige, freight, neighbor, sleigh, vein, weight, and
weigh
Exceptions that do not have a pattern
either, feint, foreign, forfeit, height, leisure,
neither, seize, weird
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Change y to i when
adding an ending
supply
supplies
supplied
supplying
worry
worries
worried
worrying
merry
merrier
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When –ing is added, keep y.
cry
crying
cries
cried
study studying studies studied
When a vowel comes before the y , keep y
obey obeyed obeying obeys obeyer
say
said
saying says sayer
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Add -s or –es to
make words plural.
shoe + s =shoes
porch + es = porches
box + es =boxes
bush + es = bushes
blitz + es = blitzes
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Words with a consonant ending plus -y,
change the -y to -i and add -es.
company – y + i + es = companies
Words with a vowel ending plus –y, keep
–y and add -s
toy + s = toys
For proper nouns, keep –y and add -s.
Kennedy + s = Kennedys
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• The plain truth is they just need to
be memorized.
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child
foot
goose
louse
man
mouse
ox
tooth
woman
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children
feet
geese
lice
men
mice
oxen
teeth
women
Words that end in -ss, -sh, -ch or -x add -es.
switch = switches
Most nouns ending in f or fe add s.
Some change the f to v and add s or es.
belief = beliefs
half = halves
Most nouns ending in o add s.
Some add -es.
studio = studios
cargo = cargoes
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Drop silent e if the ending
begins with a vowel.
advance + -ing = advancing
surprise + -ing = surprising
Keep silent e if the ending begins with a consonant
advance + ment = advancement
like + ness = likeness
If a vowel comes before silent e DROP silent e
argue + -ment = argument
true + -ly = truly
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Doubling final consonant when
adding –ed, -ing, or a suffix
1. Single final consonant
2. And follows a single vowel
3. And the suffix begins with a vowel
4. One syllable or is stressed on the last syllable: In the
examples the “trol” syllable in control is stressed, while
the “en” of enter is stressed.
Control
enter
controlling controlled
entering
entered
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controllable
ADMIT + -ed = ADMITTED
1.
2.
3.
4.
ADMIT ends with a consonant
Follows a vowel
Accented on the last syllable
Therefore double the t before adding an -ing or –ed
1. admitting
2. admitted
FLAP + -ed = FLAPPED
The word FLAP is a one syllable word
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When there are two syllables with the stress on the
first syllable, do not double the consonant before.
COUNSEL + -ing = COUNSELING
When there are two vowels together before the
consonant, do not double the consonant.
DESPAIR + -ed = DESPAIRED
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Words that end in
-c
Change the -c to -ck
panic
panicking
picnic
picnicking
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With some verbs ending in -l, -m, and p
you can either double the consonant or
not.
travel
traveling or travelling
program programing or programming
worship worshiping or worshipping
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Some words have silent letter combinations. You
must memorize these patterns.
gn, pn, kn= n
gnome
rh, wr = r
rhyme
pt, ght = t
ptomaine
ps, sc = s
psalm
wh = h
whole
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pneumonia
wrestle
height
science
knife
"When two vowels go walking, the first
one does the talking?"
team
coat
wait
NOTE: There are plenty of Exceptions!!
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Adding a prefix seldom changes the
spelling of a word.
misspelled
unnecessary
dissatisfied
disinterested
misinform
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Becoming a Master Speller takes a
personal commitment
and
Finding your own method to add this
important skill to your writing arsenal.
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