Transcript Chapter 23 Respirati..

Chapter 23
Respiration and Excretion
Excretory System
• Many different chemical
changes take place in cells.
– As these changes take place
waste products form.
– Ex: Cellular Respiration -> CO2
+ H2O
– Other waste products from
cells: salts, nitrogen
compounds, and heat.
Excretory System cont.
• What is the function of the Excretory system?
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Cell protection
Blood movement
Waste removal
Food breakdown
Regulations of hormones
• Waste products can be harmful to the body if
they build up and collect in the body.
What major components make up the
excretory system?
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Kidneys
Ureter
Urinary Bladder
Urethra
Skin
Kidenys
• Humans have 2 kidneys
which are located just above
your waistline.
• Main job of the kidney is to
remove waste products
from the blood
• Each minute about 1 L of
blood pass through your
kidney.
• In 1 day your kidneys
remove waste products
from about 170 L of blood.
Kidenys cont.
• Millions of tiny tubelike structures called
nephrons are located inside the kidney.
• Nephrons are the filtering structures of the
kidneys
How do nephrons filter waste products
and nutrients from the blood? How are
nutrients returned to the blood?
What is the main function of the kidney?
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Protections
Produce hormones
Waste removal
Support and Shape
Kill bacteria
What are the filtering structures of the
kidney?
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Ureter
Urethra
Collecting tube
Artery
Nephron
Waste removal
• Waste products leave the kidney through the
collecting tube as a liquid called urine.
• Urine = H20 + salts + urea
• Excretion is not completed until urine is
removed from the body.
• The job of the urinary system is to remove
liquid waste (urine) from the body.
How is urine removed?
• Urine leave the kidneys through a tube called the
ureter.
• 1 ureter from each kidney carries urine to the
urinary bladder, which is a muscular sac that
stores urine.
• When the bladder becomes full, muscles from
the bladder contract forcing out the urine into
the urethra.
• The urethra carries urine to the outside of the
body.
What is urine made of?
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Water
Salt
Urea
Glucose
1,2, and 3
What tube carries urine outside of the
body?
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Ureter
Urinary bladder
Urethra
Nephrons
Collecting tube
Skin
• Skin has small structures
called sweat glands,
which excrete waste
products in the form of
perspiration.
• Perspiration = H2O + salts
+ urea
• Each sweat glands has a
small tube that leads to
the surface of the skin
called a pore.
Skin cont.
• You have millions of pores in your
skin.
• Sweat produced in the sweat
glands leaves your body through
these pores.
• Sweat that reaches the skin’s
surface evaporates quickly, which
cools your body.
• Excess heat is removed from your
body as it cools, which helps
regulate body temperature.
What is the major function of the skin?
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Protection
Sensation (touch)
Excretion
Temperature regulation
All of the above
What other organ besides the skin
removes H2O, salts, and Urea?
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Liver
Kidney
Heart
Stomach
Intestines
Excretory Problems
• Kidney Stones
• Acne
Kidney Stones
• They are formed from calcium compounds and
nitrogen wastes that are not excreted by the body.
• Small kidney stone can pass through the ureter,
but can cause great pain.
• Large kidney stones cannot pass through the
ureter, causing a blockage which can destroy
kidney cells.
How are large kidney stones removed?
• Medication – causes the stone to dissolve and
break apart
• Surgery – involves the risk of infection, can lead to
complications.
• Sound waves – aim shock waves at the stone
causing it to vibrate and break apart
How are large kidney stones removed?
lithotripsy treatment for kidney stones
Acne
• Is a combination of skin
diseases.
• Symptoms: whiteheads,
blackheads, and pimples.
• Whiteheads &
blackheads develop
when oils clog the pores
of the surface of the skin.
• A pimple forms when a
blackhead is infected
with bacteria.
Why would washing your face several
times each day help control acne?
1)
2)
3)
4)
Helps remove dead skin
Helps remove excess oil
Helps prevent clogged pores
All of the above
Controlling Acne
1. Wash your face several times per day with
soap and water
2. Apply a dry lotion to the skin after washing
3. Avoid oily cosmetics
4.Remove all cosmetics before going to bed
5.Eat a well balanced diet
6. Get plenty of rest and exercise