Transcript F214: Communication, Homeostasis and Energy 4.2.1 Kidney

F214: Communication, Homeostasis and Energy
4.2.1 Kidney Failure and Testing
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outline the problems that arise from
kidney failure and discuss the use of renal
dialysis and transplants for the treatment
of kidney failure
describe how urine samples can be used
to test for pregnancy and detect misuse
of anabolic steroids
Kidney failure can be caused by:
• Diabetes mellitus (type I and type II sugar
diabetes)
• Hypertension (high blood pressure)
• Kidney Infection
If the kidneys fail, excess water and urea cannot
be removed, which will eventually lead to
death
Kidney Failure: Treatment
Research Task
Your task is to create a poster (similar to the
year 12 project week) that explains the
following. You can use Biology 2 p60-62 to help
you
• Dialysis including haemodyalysis and
peritoneal dialysis
• Kidney Trasnsplants
Success Criteria
• Your poster must contain:
• The science behind Dialysis
• The advantages and disadvantages of Kidney
Transplants
• Appropriate diagrams
Questions
Using Cambridge Biology (p56-59) or
OCR Biology (p50-51), answer the
following as fully as you can:
1. How can urine be used to detect
pregnancy?
2. How can urine be used to test for
drug use in sports?
How can Urine be used to detect Pregnancy?
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Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin (hCG) secreted by embryo
Found in urine 6 days after conception
Pregnancy tests contain monoclonal antibodies
Antibody is specific to hCG
Test strip soaked in urine
hCG attaches to antibody tagged with a blue bead
hCG-antibody complex moves up the strip until it attaches to a
strip of immobilised antibodies
• This creates two blue lines- One to ensure the test is working,
the second to indicate pregnancy
How can Urine be used to test for drug use in sport?
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Anabolic steroids increase protein synthesis in cells
Causes build up of tissue in the muscles
Have a half life of 16 hours
Gas chromatography used to detect presence of steroids
Sample is vapourised with a solvent and passed down a tube
Absorption agent in tube lining is analysed to make a
chromatogram