Transcript Better Java with JDeveloper 10g

Better Java with JDeveloper 10g
Training Days 2005
Presented by
Dustin Marx
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(see electronic version to see these “Notes”)
Because the slides are submitted for printing over one week in advance and in attempt to reduce paper
used to print out the handouts, some changes and additions were made to the slides between printing
and the presentation. Some slides were taken out for printing and added back in for this presentation.
Latest version will be made available at RMOUG site and at http://www.geocities.com/dustinmarx/.
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Two Versions of the Same Story
• “JDeveloper 10g” is label for several versions of the
JDeveloper IDE
– Some versions start with “9”
– “g” is for “Grid”
• This presentation primarily presumes JDeveloper 10g as
JDeveloper 9.0.5.x
• Some related changes and enhancements of JDeveloper
10g Release 2 (10.1.x) are mentioned in this presentation
• The associated paper exclusively treats JDeveloper 10g as
JDeveloper 9.0.5.x
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Recent JDeveloper Versions
Version Numbers
Name
10.1.3
JDeveloper 10g Release 2*
9.0.5.1, 9.0.5.2, 10.1.2
JDeveloper 10g
9.0.4.1, 9.0.4.0
JDeveloper 9i
9.0.3.3, 9.0.3.2, 9.0.3.1, 9.0.3
JDeveloper 9i
9.0.2
JDeveloper 9i
*Developer Preview
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Better Java with JDeveloper 10g: Agenda
• JDeveloper 10g Analysis Tools Overview
• JDeveloper 10g Profilers
– Memory Profiler
– Execution Profiler
– Event Profiler
•
•
•
•
•
•
JDeveloper 10g CodeCoach
JDeveloper 10g Code Audit
JDeveloper 10g Code Metrics
Better Java with the JDeveloper 10g Tools
Optimization and Code Improvement Best Practices
Conclusion
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Profilers
CodeCoach
Code Audit
Code Metrics
Better Java
Best Practices
Conclusion
JDeveloper 10g: The ‘J’ is for Java
• JDeveloper 10g provides tools for the Java Development
Lifecycle (SDLC)
– Modeling/Design
 JDeveloper models as activity, class, or use case
– Implementation
 Code Insight, color syntax, automatic code generation, much
more
– Debugging and Testing
 Built-in debugger, JUnit Extension
– Optimization / Performance Tuning
 Analysis Tools covered in this presentation
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JDeveloper10g
Profilers
CodeCoach
Code Audit
Code Metrics
Better Java
Best Practices
Conclusion
JDeveloper 10g Code Analysis Tools
• JDeveloper 10g provides suite of tools for comprehensive
code analysis and optimization
• Some tools are static
– Examine code without executing it
– Identify common coding standards problems and complexity
problems
• Some tools are dynamic
– Execute code to identify potential problems and areas for
improvement
– Require Oracle Java Compiler (ojc) and execution in the Oracle
Java Virtual Machine (ojvm)
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JDeveloper10g
Profilers
CodeCoach
Code Audit
Code Metrics
Better Java
Best Practices
Conclusion
More on JDeveloper 10g Code Analysis Tools
• JDeveloper Analysis Tools Share Many Traits
– Can be run easily within JDeveloper IDE
 Output can be viewed in Log Window or in standalone output
file (text, HTML, .opr, etc. – different among tools)
– Can be run from the command line (all but Profilers)
 Output displayed on screen or redirected to external file
– Can be customized to best fit your development environment
– Provide guidance to potential problems and issues
 Knowledgeable human review should often be included in
process and before making suggested changes
– Multiple output/report formats
 IDE log window, HTML, XML, and more
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JDeveloper10g
Profilers
CodeCoach
Code Audit
Code Metrics
Better Java
Best Practices
Conclusion
Increased Maintainability
Graphical Survey of JDeveloper 10g Tools
KEY
Increased Performance
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JDeveloper10g
Profilers
CodeCoach
Code Audit
Code Metrics
Better Java
Best Practices
Conclusion
JDeveloper 10g Code Analysis Tools: IDE or Command-line?
• Advantages of IDE
– Easier to use in many cases
– Automatic code highlighting for problem areas
– Availability of Profiler tools
• Advantages of Command-line
–
–
–
–
Can use as part of batch / nightly builds
Easy integration with ANT, FOP, other scripted tools
Expanded non-IDE output options
Can be used with IDEs other than JDeveloper
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Profilers
CodeCoach
Code Audit
Code Metrics
Better Java
Best Practices
Conclusion
JDeveloper 10g Tools: IDE and Command-line
JDeveloper 10g
Analysis Tool
IDE
Command-line
Memory Profiler
RunMemory Profile
N/A
Execution Profiler
RunExecution Profile
N/A
Event Profiler
RunEvent Profile
N/A
CodeCoach
RunCodeCoach
ojc -g and then
java –ojvm
–Xcodecoach
Code Audit
RunAudit
ojaudit.exe
Code Metrics
RunMeasure
ojmetrics.exe
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Profilers
CodeCoach
Code Audit
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Better Java
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Conclusion
Command-line Oracle Java Compiler (OJC) Example
ojc
-sourcepath <<jdev_home>\jdev\mywork\BetterJava\Project\src
-classpath
%CLASSPATH%;<<jdev_home>>\jdev\mywork\BetterJava\Project\cla
sses
-d <<jdev_home>>\jdev\mywork\BetterJava\Project\classes
-verbose -noquiet -g
<<jdev_home>>\jdev\mywork\BetterJava\Project\src\org\rmoug\m
arx\betterjava\*.java
An even easier way to perform the above is to place all the options
in a text file known as a Response File (see later slide)
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CodeCoach
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OJC: Command-line Response Files
• Place all command-line tool options in a text file
(named something like cc_args.txt)
– Can have each ojc option on a different line
– Can include comments in file with ; delimiter
• Compile with Oracle Java Compiler
– ojc @cc_args.txt
– Compare to verbosity on previous slide
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CodeCoach
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Better Java
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Conclusion
OJC Response File Example
ocj_args.txt
-sourcepath <<jdev_home>>\jdev\mywork\BetterJava\Project\src
-classpath %CLASSPATH%;<<jdev_home>>\jdev\mywork\BetterJava\Project\classes
-d <<jdev_home>>\jdev\mywork\BetterJava\Project\classes
-verbose
-noquiet
-g
<<jdev_home>>\jdev\BetterJava\Project\src\org\rmoug\marx\betterjava\*.java
To use the above file, one would run the following command:
ojc @ojc_args.txt
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Profilers
CodeCoach
Code Audit
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Better Java
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Conclusion
Oracle Java Compiler: Command-line and ANT
• The easiest way to repeatedly use Oracle Java
Compiler (OJC) from the Command-line may be
to employ ANT
• JDeveloper 10g automatically generates ANT
build.xml file with OJC compilation
• JDeveloper 10g can read and incorporate existing
ANT build.xml files
• See next slide for example of building with OJC in
ANT
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CodeCoach
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Better Java
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Conclusion
Compiling with OJC and ANT: An Example
<!--Configure Oracle Java Compiler-->
<property name="build.compiler“
value="oracle.jdeveloper.compiler.ant.taskdefs.OjcAdapter"/>
<property name="ojc.assertions.enabled" value="true"/>
<property name="ojc.update.imports" value="none"/>
<!--Compile Java source files-->
<javac destdir="${compile.outdir}" debug="on" encoding="Cp1252">
<classpath refid="classpath"/>
<src refid="srcpath"/>
<include name="org/rmoug/marx/betterjava/TestBadExample.java"/>
<include name="org/rmoug/marx/betterjava/SimpleLogger.java"/>
<include name="org/rmoug/marx/betterjava/SimpleDataClass.java"/>
<include name="org/rmoug/marx/betterjava/ProfilerExample.java"/>
<include name="org/rmoug/marx/betterjava/ParentItem.java"/>
<include name="org/rmoug/marx/betterjava/ChildItem.java"/>
<include name="org/rmoug/marx/betterjava/BadExampleParent.java"/>
<include name="org/rmoug/marx/betterjava/BadExample.java"/>
</javac>
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Code Audit
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Better Java
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Conclusion
setvars.bat (Windows Only)
• Sets up PATH, CLASSPATH, and other significant
environmental variables for JDeveloper command-line tool
use
– Set path to directory with ojc, java, ojmetrics.exe,
ojaudit.exe, and JDeveloper IDE’s executable
• Use setvars –go to use default environmental variable
settings
• Use setvars –show to see most significant
environmental variables settings
• Use setvars –show all to see all related
environmental variables settings
• Use setvars without options to see usage (help)
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Profilers
CodeCoach
Code Audit
Code Metrics
Better Java
Best Practices
Conclusion
JDeveloper 10g Profilers
• JDeveloper 10g Features Three Profilers
– Memory Profiler
– Execution Profiler
– Event Profiler
• All Three Profilers are Dynamic
– Must compile code with Oracle Java Compiler (ojc)
– Must execute code in Oracle Java Virtual Machine
(ojvm)
– Must execute all code for which profiling is sought
 Not running pieces of code impacts profile results
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Profilers
CodeCoach
Code Audit
Code Metrics
Better Java
Best Practices
Conclusion
Memory Profiler
• Java does have memory leaks!
– Long-lived references
• JDeveloper Memory Profiler identifies memory leaks
– Monitors memory usage on Java heap at periodic intervals
– Watch for “Diff Sz” column in Memory Profiler output
• Easily locate where Java objects are instantiated
– Pause Memory Profiler  Get Allocation Details
• Can also use JDeveloper’s Debugger to identify memory
leaks!
– Heap Window is especially useful
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Profilers
CodeCoach
Code Audit
Code Metrics
Better Java
Best Practices
Example of Memory Profiler Output
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Conclusion
Notes
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Profilers
CodeCoach
Code Audit
Code Metrics
Better Java
Best Practices
Conclusion
Another Example of Memory Profiler Output
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Profilers
CodeCoach
Code Audit
Code Metrics
Better Java
Best Practices
Conclusion
Notes
Still Another Example of Memory Profiler Output
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Profilers
CodeCoach
Code Audit
Code Metrics
Better Java
Best Practices
Conclusion
Memory Profiler Customization
• Type of Sampling: Automatic (time) vs. Manual
– Sampling frequency for automatic sampling
• Slider depth: Number of samples available for review
• Include/Exclude instances (objects) or different classes
• Columns displayed in Memory Profiler output
• Use Profiler API (oracle.jdeveloper.profiler)
to customize profiling from within source code
– ProfilerAPI.startSampling()
– ProfilerAPI.stopSampling()
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Profilers
CodeCoach
Code Audit
Code Metrics
Better Java
Best Practices
Conclusion
Memory Profiler Configuration Window
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Profilers
CodeCoach
Code Audit
Code Metrics
Better Java
Best Practices
Conclusion
Execution Profiler
• Perform statistical analysis of application
performance
• Identify methods that top the call stack
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Profilers
CodeCoach
Code Audit
Code Metrics
Better Java
Best Practices
Conclusion
Example of Execution Profiler Output
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Profilers
CodeCoach
Code Audit
Code Metrics
Better Java
Best Practices
Conclusion
Execution Profiler Customization
• Sample Interval
– More samples means better statistical results
• Columns displayed in Execution Profiler output
• ProfilerAPI
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Profilers
CodeCoach
Code Audit
Code Metrics
Better Java
Best Practices
Conclusion
Execution Profiler Configuration Window
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Profilers
CodeCoach
Code Audit
Code Metrics
Better Java
Best Practices
Conclusion
Event Profiler
• Identify time spent on different events
• Focus on events that involve interaction between the
application and the Java Virtual Machine
–
–
–
–
Garbage Collection
Wait
Prepare, Load, and Resolve Class
Synchronization Blocks
• Can monitor BC4J events
• Most importantly – can monitor own custom events
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Profilers
CodeCoach
Code Audit
Code Metrics
Better Java
Best Practices
Conclusion
Example of Event Profiler
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Profilers
CodeCoach
Code Audit
Code Metrics
Better Java
Best Practices
Conclusion
Event Profiler Customization
• Types/Groups of events to be monitored
– Including custom “Discovered Events”
• Columns displayed in Event Profiler output
• ProfilerAPI
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Profilers
CodeCoach
Code Audit
Code Metrics
Better Java
Best Practices
Event Profiler Customization Window
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Conclusion
Notes
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Profilers
CodeCoach
Code Audit
Code Metrics
Better Java
Best Practices
Conclusion
Event Profiler: Events Monitoring
• Real power is ability to create and monitor own
events
• Sun’s HotSpot Java 5.0 (AKA 1.5) JVM provides
jvmstat and other JVM monitoring tools
– See “Backup” slide for additional details
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Profilers
CodeCoach
Code Audit
Code Metrics
Better Java
Best Practices
Conclusion
CodeCoach
• Your own Java code guru
– Help improve code by flagging omissions and problems
common to routine Java code
• Dynamic Analysis Tool
– Code must be compiled with Oracle Java Compiler
(OJC)
– Code must be executed in Oracle Java Virtual Machine
(OJVM)
– All relevant threads of controlled code should be
exercised (executed) to improve result accuracy
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Profilers
CodeCoach
Code Audit
Code Metrics
Better Java
Best Practices
Conclusion
What CodeCoach Tells You: Results
• CodeCoach results include the following:
– Textual description of recommended change to code
 This is referred to as “advice”
 As with any advice you might hear, consider it carefully
before implementing recommendations
– Line number of source code that is subject of advice
– Advice Type (four letter uppercase keyword)
• See next slide for example of CodeCoach results
in the IDE
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CodeCoach
Code Audit
Code Metrics
Better Java
Best Practices
Conclusion
CodeCoach Results (IDE Example)
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Profilers
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Code Metrics
Better Java
Best Practices
Conclusion
CodeCoach Results Options
• “Hide Messages of This Type”
– Hides all messages with matching advice type
– “Show Hidden Messages” brings them all back
• “Ignore Message”
– Adds CodeCoach pragma to source code to prevent that particular
message (not all with same advice type) from appearing again
• “Apply Fix to Source”
– If available, fixes source code according to recommendation
• “Go to Source”
– Highlights line of source code that CodeCoach has flagged
• “Save to HTML”
– Saves CodeCoach results to HTML page
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Profilers
CodeCoach
Code Audit
Code Metrics
Better Java
Best Practices
Conclusion
CodeCoach Results & Options (IDE Example)
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CodeCoach
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Better Java
Best Practices
Conclusion
Properly Using CodeCoach Advice
• Quality of CodeCoach advice depends on how you run
CodeCoach!
– Should run CodeCoach through all significant threads of code
– Any code not executed during a CodeCoach run is unknown to
CodeCoach
– CodeCoach results can be correct for the code it saw, but incorrect
when the larger picture is taken into account
• Generally, choose to “Go to Source” and analyze
recommendation manually rather than choosing “Apply
Fix to Source”
– Always unit and regression test your code after making
CodeCoach-recommended changes
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Profilers
CodeCoach
Code Audit
Code Metrics
Better Java
Best Practices
Conclusion
CodeCoach Customization
• Customize CodeCoach Advice Types, Covered Packages,
and Level of Advice
– Project-level settings
 Via command-line or IDE
 Customize which advice types to identify
o Specific advice types individually or via setting of level
 Customize which classes/packages to analyze
o For classes, all analyzed same or not at all
– File, Class, or Method Level settings
 Via in-code (comments) pragmas for more granular scope
o Can more specifically tailor each class’s CodeCoach analysis
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Profilers
CodeCoach
Code Audit
Code Metrics
Better Java
Best Practices
Conclusion
CodeCoach Customization: Advice Types
• Choose advice types to focus on or ignore
• Advice types allow associated with major pieces of
CodeCoach advice
– Representative keywords are typically four uppercase letters
 “ALL” is only exception (three uppercase letters)
– Groups of advice types can be selected or ignored
 “ALL” displays CodeCoach advice for all advice types
– Can use “Level” to select one of ten predetermined advice types
mixes
 Increasing level indicates increased advice
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CodeCoach
Code Audit
Code Metrics
Better Java
Best Practices
Conclusion
CodeCoach Customization: Advice Type Groupings
• Class Advice Types (CALL)
– CFIN, CSTAT
• Method Advice Types (MALL)
– MFIN, MSTAT, MPRI
• Field Advice Types (FALL)
– FFIN, FSTA, FPRI, FUNU, FLOC
• Local Variable Advice Types (LALL)
– LFIN, LUNU
• Memory Improvement Advice Types (NALL)
– NALS, NBST, NHTB, NHMP, NSBU, NVCT, NWHT
• Miscellaneous Advice Types (OALL)
– CDEA, ACST, INST
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CodeCoach
Code Audit
Code Metrics
Better Java
Best Practices
Conclusion
CodeCoach Customization: IDE
• Check boxes for advice types (or groups of advice types)
you want CodeCoach to report by checking on them under
“Advice to Report”
• Use “Level” bar to select integer between 1 and 10 to
specify rough percentages of advice types to be monitored
and flagged
• Specifically include and/or exclude packages and classes
from CodeCoach analysis
• Refer to next slide (“CodeCoach Customization Window”)
for example of IDE customization
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Profilers
CodeCoach
Code Audit
Code Metrics
Better Java
Best Practices
CodeCoach Customization Window
02/09/2005
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Conclusion
Notes
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Profilers
CodeCoach
Code Audit
Code Metrics
Better Java
Best Practices
Conclusion
CodeCoach Customization: Command-line
• Instruct CodeCoach via command-line using –Xcc flags and options
• -Xcc:level:<<y>> where y is integer 0 through 9
– Corresponds to IDE’s “Level” bar (1 through 10)
• -Xcc:enable:<<type>> and -Xcc:disable:<<type>>
– where type is “ALL” or one of the more specific four-letter advice types to
be specifically identified (enable) or specifically not identified (disable) in
CodeCoach run
• -Xcc:incl:<<classes>> and -Xcc:excl:<<classes>>
– where classes is semicolon-separated list of classes and/or packages to
analyze (incl) or ignore (excl) during CodeCoach analysis
• Don’t forget the –ojvm option to run CodeCoach on source code in
the Oracle Java Virtual Machine
• Application must be have been built with OJC and –g option to have
CodeCoach analyze it
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CodeCoach
Code Audit
Code Metrics
Better Java
Best Practices
Conclusion
CodeCoach Command-line Customization Example:
Running CodeCoach with OJVM
java –ojvm
–Xcodecoach
–Xcc:level:9
–Xcc:enable:ALL
–Xcc:incl:org.rmoug.marx.betterjava
-Xcc:excl:com;java;javax;sun;sunw;oracle
–classpath %CLASSPATH%
MyBadClassTest
The above assumes that MyBadClassTest was built with
Oracle Java Compiler and the –g debugger option.
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Profilers
CodeCoach
Code Audit
Code Metrics
Better Java
Best Practices
Conclusion
For More on CodeCoach
• See my article on CodeCoach in the next edition
of the Rocky Mountain Oracle User’s Group
(RMOUG) newsletter
– Expected late February/early March
• Effective Java by Joshua Block
– Much of CodeCoach advice is espoused in this book
– Other tools also make use of principles outlined in this
book
– Opinion: Must-read for the serious Java developer
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Profilers
CodeCoach
Code Audit
Code Metrics
Better Java
Best Practices
Conclusion
Code Audit
• Static tool – analyzes static code
– No OJC compiling or OJVM execution required
– Can be run on code that doesn’t compile!
• JDeveloper 10g Code Audit audits code for
compliance with coding standards
• Can have JDeveloper automatically fix flagged
coding standards (audit) violations
– Typically less risky to code execution than automatic
fixes done for dynamic tools
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CodeCoach
Code Audit
Code Metrics
Better Java
Best Practices
Conclusion
Code Audit Results/Output Options – IDE
• Each identified violation listed in IDE with descriptive text and a
“priority”
• Some violations allow for automatic fix (“Apply …”) with right-click
• Violations of same type can be hidden or described with right-click
• “Go to Source” (after right-click) highlights line of code associated
with identified violation
• “Export” to HTML (or text)
– Can select default (HTML or simple text) or customized Cascading Style
Sheet
– Default HTML Cascading Style Sheet
 Associates violation with “severity” rather than priority (see later
slide)
 Adds line number to output to enable quick lookup of associated line
in source code
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CodeCoach
Code Audit
Code Metrics
Better Java
Best Practices
Conclusion
Code Audit Results/Output Options (IDE Example)
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CodeCoach
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Code Metrics
Better Java
Best Practices
Code Audit Priorities / Severities
IDE (“Priority”)
“Low”
Conclusion
Notes
HTML (“Severity”)
“Convention”
“Suggestion”
“Medium”
“Violation”
“High”
“Warning”
“Critical”
“Error”
The IDE associates a “priority” with Code Audit identified violations while
the HTML output lists a “severity” for each identified violation.
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Better Java
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Conclusion
Code Audit Customization
• Code Audit reports can be customized to not
display certain categories/groups of violations
– Cannot suppress individual violation types
• Use Audit Profile to specify which audit rules to
use (or not use) in analysis
• Code Audit can be extended and customized with
oracle.jdeveloper.audit package
– Also used for Code Metrics
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Profilers
CodeCoach
Code Audit
Code Metrics
Better Java
Best Practices
Code Audit Customization Example
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Conclusion
Notes
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JDeveloper10g
Profilers
CodeCoach
Code Audit
Code Metrics
Better Java
Best Practices
Conclusion
Command-Line Code Audit
• ojaudit.exe (Windows)
• Generates XML output containing same data available in
IDE/HTML output
– Including line number of relevant source code
– Use –quiet option to remove most non-XML output normally
included (Oracle header and summary footer information)
– Use –style to specify XSLT style sheet that could be applied to
Code Audit resultant HTML to produce own HTML similar to
IDE’s HTML “Export”
• Use ojaudit (without parameters) or ojaudit –help
to display usage
• Use –fix to have Code Audit address violations
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Profilers
CodeCoach
Code Audit
Code Metrics
Better Java
Best Practices
Conclusion
Code Metrics
• Static tool – analyzes static code
– No OJC compiling or OJVM execution required
• JDeveloper 10g Code Metrics measures three metrics:
– Depth of Inheritance Tree [DIT]
 Your classes will have DIT >= 2
– Number of Statements [NOS]
 Number of Java statements in code block
– Cyclomatic Complexity [V(G)]
 Branching complexity of code
 Generally strive for V(G) < 10
o Rough rule of thumb
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JDeveloper10g
Profilers
CodeCoach
Code Audit
Code Metrics
Better Java
Best Practices
Conclusion
Code Metrics Results/Output Options
• “Go to Source” highlights class or method right-clicked on
• “Export” saves Code Metrics results as HTML
– Same information as in IDE Code Metrics output window
– Can use default Cascading Style Sheets (to HTML or to very basic
text) or select own CSS to apply in creation of HTML output
• “Show Over Threshold Only” only displays Code Metrics
findings that have a metric exceeding Threshold set in
Metrics Preferences
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JDeveloper10g
Profilers
CodeCoach
Code Audit
Code Metrics
Better Java
Best Practices
Conclusion
Code Metrics Output Example (IDE)
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JDeveloper10g
Profilers
CodeCoach
Code Audit
Code Metrics
Better Java
Best Practices
Conclusion
Code Metrics Customization
• Code Metrics reports can be customized to focus on
“problem level” results
• Use Metrics Profile to specify which metrics to evaluate
• Threshold can be set for each metric type to control which
measurements or metrics are displayed
• Code Metrics can be customized and extended with
oracle.jdeveloper.audit package
– Same as used with Code Audit
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JDeveloper10g
Profilers
CodeCoach
Code Audit
Code Metrics
Better Java
Best Practices
Conclusion
Code Metrics Customization Example
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JDeveloper10g
Profilers
CodeCoach
Code Audit
Code Metrics
Better Java
Best Practices
Conclusion
Command-line Code Metrics
• ojmetrics.exe (Windows)
• Generates XML output containing same data available in IDE/HTML
output
– Adds line numbers for easier tracing of output to source code
– Adds nice descriptions of meanings of metrics [NOS, V(G), DIT] at top of
produced output file
– XML results file has audit as root tag and other tag names matching the
Code Audit output
– Use –quiet option to remove most non-XML output normally included
(Oracle header and summary footer information)
• Use –style to specify XSLT style sheet that could be applied to
Code Audit resultant HTML to produce own HTML similar to IDE’s
HTML “Export”
• Use ojmetrics (without parameters) or ojmetrics –help to
display usage
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JDeveloper10g
Profilers
CodeCoach
Code Audit
Code Metrics
Better Java
Best Practices
Conclusion
Release 2
New Features / Changes for JDeveloper 10g Release 2
Notes
• Combining of similar Code Audit and Code Metrics tool
into single Code Audit tool
– “Code Audit Rules” similar to Code Audit of 9.0.5.x
– “Code Audit Metrics” similar to Code Metrics of 9.0.5.x
– These tools shared many traits even in 9.0.5.x
• Introduction of Code Assist
– Can be executed from “Run Audit …” option
– Automatically displays light bulb icon when affected line is
highlighted
 Versus explicit execution of other Code Audit family of
tools
– See following slide on Code Assist
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JDeveloper10g
Profilers
CodeCoach
Code Audit
Code Metrics
Better Java
Best Practices
Conclusion
Release 2
The Multi-Function Code Audit in Release 2
•
Code Audit (R2) contains many audit options (profiles)
– “All Metrics”
 Java source errors (rules)
 Metrics from 9.0.5
– “All Rules”
 All “Rules” but no “Metrics” or “Code Assists”
– “Code Assist Rules”
 Most “Rules”, All “Code Assists”, No “Metrics”
– “Default Rules”
 No “Code Assists”
 No “Metrics”
 Most “Rules”
– “Javadoc Rules”
 Only “Javadoc Comments” rules
– Your Own Auditing Profile
 Custom selected rules
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Profilers
CodeCoach
Code Audit
Code Metrics
Better Java
Best Practices
Conclusion
Code Assist
A Quick Peek at Code Assist
• New Feature of JDeveloper 10g R2 (10.1.3)
• Similar functionality to CodeCoach
– But do not need to explicitly run tool separately
• Light bulb icon highlights available advice
– Use Ctrl+Alt+Enter to manually display Code Assist advice
– Change/disable Code Assist settings via ToolsPreferences
(Audit)
• Click on light bulb icon to view advice
• Click on advice to implement advice
– Potential side effects displayed
 Opportunity to cancel recommendation rather than
accepting it
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Profilers
CodeCoach
Code Audit
Code Metrics
Better Java
Best Practices
Conclusion
Code Assist
02/09/2005
A Code Assist Example – IDE
Notes
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Profilers
CodeCoach
Code Audit
Code Metrics
Better Java
Best Practices
Conclusion
Code Assist
Current Limitations of CodeAssist
• Spacing of accepted CodeAssist recommendations does
not always match well with source code indentation
• CodeAssist recommendations are currently limited
– Not a whole lot of recommendations … yet
 Add Javadoc Comment
 Separate Declaration and Assignment
 Remove Unused Local Variable
 Invert If Statement
 Negate Expression
 Others?
– May disagree with some of the recommendations
– Some recommendations made regardless of context
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Profilers
CodeCoach
Code Audit
Code Metrics
Better Java
Best Practices
Conclusion
Better Java Code with JDeveloper 10g Tools
• Improve your Java Code with the JDeveloper
Analysis Tools
– Use tools together for most comprehensive and accurate
results
– Take advantage of different purposes of tools to identify
different types of problems
– Use results of individual tools as input for other
JDeveloper tools
 For example, identify most significant problems with
Profilers and use other tools to improve problem areas
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Profilers
CodeCoach
Code Audit
Code Metrics
Better Java
Best Practices
Conclusion
JDeveloper 10g Tools Improving Java Code
CodeCoach
•More efficient classes
•More efficient & maintainable
methods
•More efficient/maintainable fields
•More efficient local variables
•More efficient Collections memory
usage
•Minimizing unnecessary
instanceof usage
•Minimizing constant object
propagation problems
Memory
Profiler
Execution
Profiler
Event
Profiler
Identify potential
memory leaks in code
Identify performance
problems in
application
Identify problems or
potential problems
associated with
particular events in
the application.
•Garbage Collection
Events
•BC4J Events
•Customized Events
Code Audit
Code Metrics
Identifies potential coding standard violations
including: naming and coding conventions, unused
constructs, source code errors, Javadoc problems and
omissions, appropriate API usage, and more.
Summarizes complexity and size of application
including: number of statements (NOS), Depth of
Inheritance Tree (DIT), and Cyclomatic/Branching
Complexity [V(G)].
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Profilers
CodeCoach
Code Audit
Code Metrics
Better Java
Best Practices
Conclusion
Example: Better Java Code with CodeCoach
ParentItem item = new ChildItem();
if ( item instanceof ChildItem )
{
name = item.getName();
}
While instanceof is very useful at times, it is expensive
and should not be used unless truly needed.
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Profilers
CodeCoach
Code Audit
Code Metrics
Better Java
Best Practices
Conclusion
Example: Better Java Code with Code Audit
String abusedString = new String();
for ( int i=0; i<10000; ++i )
{
abusedString = abusedString + '1';
}
Strings are immutable and so a new String must be instantiated each
time that “1” character is added above. This repeated String
construction is expensive and unnecessary.
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JDeveloper10g
Profilers
CodeCoach
Code Audit
Code Metrics
Better Java
Best Practices
Conclusion
Example: Better Java Code with Code Metrics
if ()
{
if ()
if ()
if ()
if ()
if ()
}
else if () {}
else if () {}
else if () {}
else if () {}
02/09/2005
Cyclomatic complexity here
is shown with a red “11”
because the recommended
complexity (10) has been
exceeded.
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Profilers
CodeCoach
Code Audit
Code Metrics
Better Java
Best Practices
Conclusion
Optimization and Code Improvement Best Practices
• Know When and Where to Optimize
– Prefer architecture and design optimization over code
optimization
 Biggest bang for the buck
– Perform architecture and design optimization early and
often
 Prototype risky pieces
– Perform code optimization late and rarely
 Code optimization effort rarely justifies cost
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Profilers
CodeCoach
Code Audit
Code Metrics
Better Java
Best Practices
Conclusion
Optimization and Code Improvement Best Practices
• Design code for modularity, maintainability, and
functionality first
– Only optimize and tune code if necessary
 Pareto Principle (“80/20 rule”)
o Eighty percent of problems in twenty percent of code
o Numbers not exact, but real meaning is that a few
problems often cause most of the negative consequences
– Tuning code for one area of improvement may
negatively impact other areas of code (new bugs)
– Do not allow code optimization to trump good design
and maintainability unless justified by business case
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Profilers
CodeCoach
Code Audit
Code Metrics
Better Java
Best Practices
Conclusion
Optimization and Code Improvement Best Practices
• Experienced Developer Involved in Process
– JDeveloper tools are very useful for identifying
potential issues, but use expert review
 No automatic tool is foolproof
 Analysis only as good as configuration of tools and
executable tests
 Not all recommended results may apply to your situation
o Results can be adjusted through various IDE and
command-line options and via in-code pragmas
o Need to discern which results are valid for organization
and which do not apply or are not really an issue
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Profilers
CodeCoach
Code Audit
Code Metrics
Better Java
Best Practices
Conclusion
Optimization and Code Improvement Best Practices
• Review Your Code, Only Your Code, and Nothing But
Your Code
– With JDeveloper 10g dynamic tools, accuracy of results depends
on thoroughness of code coverage
 Exercise all methods/threads of your own code in Profilers and
CodeCoach tests
– Do not analyze third-party code with tools
 Typically cannot do anything about this code anyway
 Adds significant delay to analysis execution time
 Distracts reviewers from own code issues
 Example: don’t analyze java, javax, and similar packages
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Profilers
CodeCoach
Code Audit
Code Metrics
Better Java
Best Practices
Conclusion
Optimization and Code Improvement Best Practices
• Train/Educate with JDeveloper Tools
– Ultimately want personnel to learn and follow software
development best practices
– Developers can examine and discuss JDeveloper results and why
they do or do not apply
– Java “Experts” are developed by learning common issues with
Java code
– JDeveloper “Experts” are developed by learning how to use and
customize the JDeveloper tools
– Read “Explanations” and other JDeveloper documentation on rules
and metrics to better understand why certain practices should be
followed
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Profilers
CodeCoach
Code Audit
Code Metrics
Better Java
Best Practices
Conclusion
Optimization and Code Improvement Best Practices
• Use JDeveloper 10g Tools Together
– JDeveloper tools best used together because of differing areas of
focus
• Favor non-invasive analysis over invasive analysis
techniques
– For example, in-code changes are more invasive
 Comments (CodeCoach Pragmas) are less troubling than
executable source code statements
 In-code instrumentation (Profilers) is designed to be
“transparent” outside OJVM in Profile Mode
– Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP) concepts?
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Profilers
CodeCoach
Code Audit
Code Metrics
Better Java
Best Practices
Conclusion
Summary
• JDeveloper 10g enables better Java code and better Java
applications
–
–
–
–
Identifies memory problems/issues
Identifies execution/event performance/issues
Identifies areas for code improvement
Identifies non-compliance with industry and organizational
conventions and standards
– Identifies code that may be overly complex
– Provides teaching and training opportunities for developers
– Recognize that not all recommendations should be followed
 Expert judgment should be used in applying recommendations
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Related RMOUG Training Days 2005 Presentations
• Already completed:
– “The Leap From PL/SQL to Java: More Than Just
Syntax” – Session 1
– “The Object-Oriented SDLC and JDeveloper” –
Session 1
– “Visual and Declarative J2EE Development with
Oracle JDeveloper 10g and Oracle ADF” – Session 4
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Related RMOUG Training Days 2005 Presentations
• Still to Come:
– “Avoiding Land Mines As You ‘Struts Your Stuff’ Through J2EE
Development Using JDeveloper” – Session 7
– “Introduction to Java – PL/SQL Developers Take Heart!” –
Session 8
– “Applied Testing Architectures to Prove Correctness of Enterprise
J2EE Applications” – Session 9
– “Oracle JDeveloper for Database Developers and DBAs” –
Session 10
– “Quick Web Development Using JDeveloper 10g” – Session 12
– “I Love the Java Jive: J2EE Overview for Oracle Technologists” –
Session 12
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Trademarks and Disclaimer
• While significant effort was invested in an attempt to
ensure accuracy, correctness, and completeness of this
presentation, no guarantees of accuracy, correctness, or
completeness are made by any individual or organization
• Java and all Java-based marks are trademarks or registered
trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the United States
and other countries.
• Oracle and Oracle-based marks (including JDeveloper) are
registered trademarks of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates.
• Dustin Marx is independent of both Sun Microsystems,
Inc. and Oracle Corporation.
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Better Java with JDeveloper 10g
Training Days 2005
Backup Slides
JDeveloper 10g Release 2 Tools
CodeCoach
•More efficient and
maintainable code.
Memory
Profiler
Execution
Profiler
Identify potential
memory leaks in code
Identify performance
problems in
application
Event
Profiler
Identify problems or
potential problems
associated with events.
Code Audit
Rules (formerly Code Audit)
Metrics (formerly Code Metrics)
Identifies potential coding standard
violations including: naming and coding
conventions, unused constructs, source code
errors, Javadoc problems and omissions,
appropriate API usage, and more.
Summarizes complexity and size of
application including: number of statements
(NOS), Depth of Inheritance Tree (DIT), and
Cyclomatic/Branching Complexity [V(G)].
Code Assist
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Notes
Transforming Code Audit and Code Metrics XML Output
• Code Code/Code Metrics results are in XML format
– Select XSLT style sheet in IDE to transform to HTML, text, or
other format
– Specify XSLT style sheet with –style option on command line
for transformed formats
• JDeveloper 10g provides default HTML and text style
sheets for both Code Metrics and Code Audit
–
–
–
–
–
audit-html.xsl, audit-text.xsl
metrics-html.xsl, metrics-text.xsl
Useful for transforming command-line results directly
Useful in IDE as default style sheet selections
Useful as starting point for adapting own custom style sheets
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jvmstat
• Suite of tools compatible with Java 1.4.2, but with
more complete support for Java 5 (AKA 1.5)
• Subset of jvmstat tools bundled with Java 5
– jps (Java Virtual Machine Process Status Tool)
– jstat (Java Virtual Machine Statistics Monitoring
Tool)
– jstatd (Java Virtual Machine jstat Daemon)
• visualgc available, but not bundled with Java 5
– Visual Garbage Collection Monitoring Tool
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-Xlink javac Option
• Non-standard javac option
• Reports legal but potentially problematic syntax
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
-Xlink (all recommended warnings)
-Xlink:none (display only mandatory warnings)
-Xlink:unchecked (detailed unchecked conversion warnings)
-Xlink:path (non-existent path directories)
-Xlink:finally (problem with finally clause)
-Xlink:fallthrough (switch-case without break)
-Xlink:serial (missing serialVersionUID)
 http://www.javapractices.com/Topic45.cjp
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Java Virtual Machine Tool Interface (JVMTI)
• Programming interface native to JVM intended for use by
tools such as JDeveloper IDE and tools
–
–
–
–
–
Profiling
Debugging
Monitoring
Coverage
http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/docs/guide/jvmti/
• Replaces JVMPI and JVMDI
– Java Virtual Machine Profiler Interface (JVMPI) is now deprecated
 http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.4.2/docs/guide/jvmpi/jvmpi.html
– Java Virtual Machine Debug Interface (JVMDI) is now deprecated
 http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.4.2/docs/guide/jpda/jvmdi-spec.html
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Java Object Toolkit (JOT)
• Similar to Java’s Reflection API
– But does not require loading of classes into JVM
• Interfaces and classes used to parse and generate
other Java code
• Used in oracle.jdeveloper.audit package for
customizing and extending Code Audit and Code
Metrics
• Available with Oracle JDeveloper (and Borland
JBuilder)
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Better Java with JDeveloper 10g
Training Days 2005
Resources and References
Other Papers/Presentations by the Author
• “An Introduction to Aspect-Oriented Programming
(AOP)”
– RMOUG TD 2005 – Session 11!
• “To Oracle XML and Beyond: PDF and Pictures”
– RMOUG TD 2004
• “Beyond the Buzzwords: Walking the Talk, III”
– RMOUG TD 2003
• “JSP Best Practices” and “More JSP Best Practices”
– http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-11-2001/jw-1130jsp.html
– http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-07-2003/jw-0725morejsp.html
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References – Oracle JDeveloper
• Oracle JDeveloper
– http://www.oracle.com/technology/products/jdev/index.html
• Oracle JDeveloper 10g Overview
– http://www.oracle.com/technology/products/jdev/events/owsf2004/
jdevoverview_oow2004.pdf
• Oracle JDeveloper Tips and Tricks
– http://www.oracle.com/technology/products/jdev/tips/index.html
• Oracle Technology Forum – JDeveloper
– http://forums.oracle.com/forums/forum.jsp?forum=83
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References – Oracle JDeveloper Tools
• Oracle 9i JDeveloper – Performance Tuning J2EE
Applications
– http://www.oracle.com/technology/products/ids/daily/jun25.html
• How to Build Your Own Audit Rules
– http://www.oracle.com/technology/products/jdev/howtos/10g/Audi
tTutorial/index.html
• Code Auditing as Part of the Build Process
– http://www.oracle.com/technology/products/jdev/tips/lediouris/aud
it/index.html
• Oracle JDeveloper Extension SDK
– http://www.oracle.com/technology/products/jdev/htdocs/partners/a
ddins/index.html
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References – Java Best Practices
• Java Practices
– http://www.javapractices.com/index.cjp
• JSP Best Practices
– http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-11-2001/jw-1130jsp.html
– http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-07-2003/jw-0725morejsp.html
• Effective Java
– http://java.sun.com/developer/Books/effectivejava/
– http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-06-2001/j1-01sintes2.html
• Effective Java Programming with Tiger
– http://www.developer.com/java/other/article.php/3112301
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References – JVM Monitoring Tools and Interfaces
• jvmstat
– http://java.sun.com/performance/jvmstat/
• Java Virtual Machine Tool Interface (JVMTI)
– http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/docs/guide/jvmti/
• Java Virtual Machine Profiler Interface (JVMPI)
– http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.4.2/docs/guide/jvmpi/jvmpi.html
• Java Virtual Machine Debug Interface (JVMDI)
– http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.4.2/docs/guide/jpda/jvmdi-spec.html
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References – Java Tuning
• Java Performance Tuning
– http://www.javaperformancetuning.com/tips/index.shtml
• Java Performance
– http://java.sun.com/performance/
• Java Performance Documentation
– http://java.sun.com/docs/performance/
• Java Platform Performance: Strategies and Tips
– http://java.sun.com/docs/books/performance/
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