Chapter 1: Introduction
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Transcript Chapter 1: Introduction
Introduction to Java
Brief history of Java
Sample Java Program
Compiling & Executing
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=> Section 1.1
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Introduction to Java
History
Invented in 1991 - Sun Microsystems, Inc (James Gosling).
Sun Microsystems was purchased by Oracle Corporation in 2010.
Originally a language for programming home appliances.
Later (1994) used for internet applications and general-purpose
programming.
Why the name “Java”?
Supposedly came from a list of random words (wikipedia).
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A Java Application
import java.util.Scanner;
public class FirstProgram
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
int n1, n2;
Scanner keyboard = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println(“Enter an integer:”);
n1 = keyboard.nextInt();
System.out.println(“Enter another integer:”);
n2 = keyboard.nextInt();
System.out.println(“The sum is:”);
System.out.println(n1 + n2);
}
}
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>javac FirstProgram.java
>java FirstProgram
Enter an integer:
15
Enter another integer:
7
The sum is:
22
>
Explanation of Code ...
Code at the beginning of the program (to be explained later):
import java.util.Scanner;
public class FirstProgram
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Java applications all have similar code at the beginning
The name of the class differs from one program to another.
The name of the class is also the name of the file.
Notice that the blank line is gone!
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… Explanation of Code ...
The following creates two variables named n1, n2 for storing two
whole numbers (integer):
int n1, n2;
These are called “variable declarations.”
In this program they are used to store the user’s response.
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… Explanation of Code ...
The following creates an object called keyboard of the Scanner class:
Scanner keyboard = new Scanner(System.in);
System.in refers to the keyboard
The Scanner class provides the program with access to keyboard input.
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Explanation of Code ...
Displays a “text” string to the screen:
System.out.println(“Enter an integer:”);
Note the “dot” delimiter:
System is a class
out an object
println is a method that outputs something
Double-quoted text inside the parentheses is referred to as an argument or
parameter to the method.
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… Explanation of Code ...
The following inputs (or “reads”) an integer typed in using the keyboard and
stores it in the variable n1:
n1 = keyboard.nextInt();
The next two lines are similar:
System.out.println(“Enter another integer:”);
n2 = keyboard.nextInt();
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… Explanation of Code
The following prints the sum to the console (or screen):
System.out.println(“The sum is:”);
System.out.println(n1 + n2);
By the way, every character counts!
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Compiling and Running
a Java Program
Type the program into a file:
FirstProgram.java
Make sure you get the file name correct!
Compile (from the command-line, i.e., DOS):
javac <file>.java
Run (and link):
java <file>
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Extra Work – Yippee!
Type-in, compile and run the previous program.
Experiment with “what if” scenarios:
Add some syntax errors
Run the program incorrectly – input improper data
Modify the program to work with 3 ints
Note that if you change the program, you have to recompile
before you rerun!
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Some Helpful Commands
Some helpful commands:
cd <dir-name>
- change directory
cd ..
- move up a directory
dir <pattern>
- list directory contents matching the pattern
mkdir <dir-name>
- create a new directory
del <pattern>
- delete a file or files matching the pattern
Suggestion – create a new directory/subfolder on your “C” drive to store
all class related programs.
Create subfolders as appropriate.
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