Transcript Programlama ve Nesneler

Object-Oriented Programming
Week 1: Introduction
Mustafa Emre İlal
Course Objectives
• Programming in Java
• Object-Oriented Programming
(Nesne Yönelimli Programlama)
• Software development process
• Computational design support tools
• An awareness in Computation
Evaluation
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Assignments (%20)
Midterm (%30)
Project (%20)
Final Exam (%30)
Mustafa Emre İlal
[email protected]
1982 BASIC (Commodore PET)
1987 PASCAL (Apple IIe)
1993 B.Arch. - YTÜ
1994 C/C++/Lisp/Clips (UNIX)
1996 M.Sc. in Arch.– Acoustic Simulation
1997 Java (Distributed Systems)
How about you?
• Why programming?
If you needed someone to develop
software, who would you go to?
Why be a programmer?
• Software development is a field of specialization
• Software
– System Software
– User Applications
• Consultants are inadequate
– “cook yourself – eat yourself” ;)
• New fields for architects (the evolving profession)
– Web Design (visualization)
– Building Information Modeling – 5D tools (specialization)
– Information Technology Consulting (perspective)
Architects and Programming
• Against the training of Architects
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Constrained: Mathematical models
Strickt: No room for emotional decisions
“Planned": Well defined train of thought
Analytical: Every step is a calculated one
• Our goal is to get over these obstacles
Architects and Programming
• Architects are very successful
– Creativity
– Ability to evaluate at various levels
– Ability to see sub tasks within the main task
• “Pogramming is an art.”
Previous Experience in
Programming
• ++ Solving algorithms
– Defining/solving a problem
– Main task / sub tasks
• -- Structural programming habits
– Combining data and behaviour
– Missing object – class relationship
Computer Program
• A sequence of instructions to perform a specified
task
• Need a common language between the instructors
and the ones receiving the instructions
• Examples:
– Road directions
– Cooking recipes
The Computer
• “Data processing”
• Processor (CPU) – Memory – Data Input/Output I/O
• Mathemetical modelling – the “digital“ world
CPU
Input
Output
Memory
Data
result
Languages
• Human natural languages: Turkish, English,
Chinese, …
• Computers: 00010101000101010111
– İntel x86, Alpha, PowerMac
• Programming Languages: systems that convert
English into “cumputerish”
– “take the value of variable x, add it to the value of
variable y and store the result in variable z"
“Computerish"
• A Compiler
– Takes the source code (series of instructions) and converts them
into machine code.
– After the conversion is done once, the machine code can be run
multiple times.
– The machine code is platform specific – can only run on the type
of computer (64 bit, x86, etc.) the conversion was targeting.
• An Interpreter
– The conversion is done on-the-fly as the program is run.
– The interpreters are platform specific, not the programs themselves
– Each run requires a conversion and therefore is slower
Java
• Has both a compiler and an interpreter
• The compiler converts into a “byte code” that can
turn into machine code easily
• The interpreter interprets this byte-code
Other languages
• Machine Code
• Assembly Language
• High Level Languages
– Fortran, COBOL, Pascal, C/C++
• Interpreted Languages
– BASIC, Perl
Software Engineering + Internet
• An increasing complexity in systems
– Simple programs
• Ran on individual computers
– Modular programming
• Separate programs that were able to communicate within a
computer (inter-process communication)
– Client/Server architecture
• Programs communicating across computers
– Distributed systems
• Networks of programs
Object orientation
• Common problems with growing complexity
– Tracking of variables
– Control mechanisms
• The answer: Objects and encapsulation
– Status - variables
– Behavior - control
• “Capsules” (independent agents) that larger
systems can be built upon.
– Code reuse!
Objects
• Objects can be seen as “agents” with well defined job
descriptions
• An abundance of fancy terms – no need for alarm:
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Object, Instance
Encapsulation, information hiding
Inheritance, generalization
Subclass, superclass
Polymorphism
• Easier if you have no programming background.
Visual Elements
• Java was developed for the internet
– Byte-code is transferred and run on “virtual machines”
• To turn web pages into an interactive media
• Application – Applet
• This course will not focus on windowing and
visual elements
Next Week
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Objects
Classes
Encapsulation
Messaging
Inheritance
Your first Java program
Assignment
• Install the Java 2 Platform (J2 Standard Edition)
– j2se 1.4.2_xx SDK (Software Developer Kit)
– j2se 1.4.2 Documentation
• java.sun.com
– Tutorial -> Java Tutorial
• First Cup of Java
• Getting Started
• www.mindview.net
– Thinking in Java