Transcript have-nots - Herbert Hoover High School

Chapter 21: Europe 1830 to 1850
Economic Advancement and Social Unrest
Barricade
on the rue
Soufflot,
by Horace
Vernet.
1848
What was the name for the time when General
Cavaignac used troops from the countryside to put
down the rioting in Paris during which more than
four hundred people were killed and another 3,000
were arrested?
A. The Peterloo Massacre
B. The February Revolution
C. The July Revolution
 D.
The June Days
Anarchists:
A. rejected industry
B. rejected government
C.
rejected both government and
industry
D. rejected all aspects of socialism
E. were a powerful political force in Great
Britain
Which of the following best describes Robert Owen’s
economic attitudes?
A. He saw no contradiction between creating a
 humane industrial environment and making a
profit.
B. He attacked the banking system which was
notorious for not extending credit
C. He was highly and bitterly critical of religion and
called it the Opiate of the Masses
D. He believed that the government should
undertake major infrastructure projects such as
building railways, roads and canals
What was the principal reason why Sir Robert Peel
allowed the repeal of the Corn Laws in 1846?
A. To make British agriculture more efficient
B. To drive down wages
C. To protect British Grain producers
D.
The Irish Potato Famine
Marx asserted that all human history had been a
struggle between social classes and that the future lay
with the working class:
because the laws of history dictated that capitalism
would inexorably (inevitably) grind to a halt
In 1867, Marx published Das Kapital which was a
condemnation of the capitalist system and in which
he utters his hallmark (quintessential) exhortation,
Workers of the world, unite
After the fall of Louis Phillipe, who organized a
provisional government for the Second French
Republic?
A. Louis Cavaignac
B. Louis Napoleon
C.
Alphonse de Lamartine
D. Charles X
E. Charles Albert
Which two of the following were NOT examples of the
early types of Socialism?
A. Utopian
B.
Nationalism
C. Revolutionary
D. Evolutionary
 E.
Laissez-Faire
Who were Bobbies?
They were the first professional police in London
What was their (sarcastic) nickname?
Peelers; a pun on the P.M., Sir Robert Peel
Why Sir Robert Peel?
The Peelers were named for Peel because he
pushed the Metropolitan Police Act through
Parliament in 1829 which created the Bobbies.
How did Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels describe the
Utopian Socialists?
A. The Ausgleich
B.
Unrealistic Venturers
C. Peelers
D. Bastiles
E. The have-nots
Chartism:
A. was an English educational movement
 B.
demanded six specific reforms
C. challenged the misogyny of early industrial
economies
D. described the demands of the Czech
nationalism in 1848.
Which of the following was NOT demanded by
William Lovett and the Chartist oriented London
Working Man’s Association?
A. Annual Election to the House of Commons
 B.
Universal Suffrage
They wanted Universal
Male Suffrage
C. The Secret Ballot
D. The abolition of property qualifications for and
the payment of salaries for members of the
House of Commons
Henri de Saint Simon is often considered the father of
Technocracy. Define Technocracy.
A. a complete redistribution of wealth.
B. the relaxation of gender roles
 C.
government in which experts in technology
would be in control of all economic decision
making
D. the belief that happy workers would be more
productive workers
In Marxist terms, Proletarianization is seen as:
A. a mechanism that allows people to adjust to
new patterns of working life
B. the implementation of the Revolution
C. the process whereby the working classes
would come to share in the wealth and
comforts brought by the Industrial Revolution
 D.
a downward spiral of social mobility
In other words, as people became workers
in factories, they lost control of their lives in
the production process.
What was the Grand National Union?:
A. an attempt to draw all British trade unions into
 a single body
Robert Owen’s last effort
B. a guise for radical anarchists
C. representative unions which called for the
election of legislators who would support
socialist reforms
D. a radical group which called for the complete
abolition of private property.
In 1834, Jeremy Bentham’s followers in the House of
Commons passed a new Poor Law which established a
Poor Law Commission. What was its purpose?
The purpose was to make poverty the most
undesirable of all social circumstances.
Under this system, who received government relief?
only those who went to Government workhouses
where life was designed to be more unpleasant than
life outside.
What did the laboring class call government
workhouses?
Bastilles – i.e., like prisons
By 1830, which of the following nations had the
fewest miles of railroad milage?
A. The German States
B. Belgium
C. France
D. Great Britain
 E.
Spain
What is the system called whereby small businesses
and other cooperative enterprises exchange goods
and services based on mutual recognition?
 A.
Mutualism
B. Marxism
C. Fourierism
D. Saint-Simonism
E. Utilitarianism
What is the process called whereby artisans and
factory workers became a wage-labor force in which
their labor became a commodity in the marketplace?
A. Urbanization
B.
Proletarianization
C. Industrialization
D. Monitization
What was Magyarization?
The imposition of Hungarian language and
government over ethnic minorities in
Transylvania, Croatia and Serbia.
What Austrian general assisted the Romanians, Serbs
and Croatians to defeat Magyarization?
Count Joseph Jellachich
What two Slavic minorities wanted a west Slavic
state within the Hapsburg Empire similar to what
Hungary had just accomplished.
The Czech provinces of Bohemia and Moravia
Who wrote Fragment on Government and The Principal
Examples of Morals and Legislation, in which he
explained that the principle of utility would overcome
the special interests of privileged groups who prevented
rational government?
A.
Jeremy Bentham
B. Thomas Malthus
C. David Ricardo
D. Adam Smith
E. Josiah Warren
What was the name of the feminist newspaper which
argued that improvements in the lives of women
would improve the condition of society as a whole?
Compared to the Vesuvians, the supporters of this
papers were more conservative. ?
A. The Northern Star
B. Rhineland Gazette
C. The Feminist Manifesto
 D.
Voix des Femmes
E. The March
What was the name of the first English railroad which
was opened in 1825?
A. The Northern Star
B. The Rocket
C. The London Railroad
 D.
The Stockton and Darlington
Exploitation of the coal fields in the Ruhr and Saar
basins led to increased production of what
material(s)?
A. Textiles
B. Food Crops
C.
Iron and Steel
D. Coke and Charcoal
Marx and Engels believed that a socialist revolution
would result in a:
Dictatorship of the Proletariat
Then, The Dictatorship of the Proletariat would:
abolish private property and destroy the capitalist
order
And then what would happen?
After the revolution, the state would wither away,
coercive institutions (like the police) would
disappear and a fair, just and egalitarian society
would arise.
Which statement best describes Louis Blanc?
A. He believed that workers would be happier
and more productive, if they could move
from one task to another
B. He called for political reform that would give
 the vote to the working class
C. He was an anarchist who rejected both labor
unions and governmental reforms
D. He believed in the principle of Mutualism
emphasizing small businesses which would
cooperate with each other
Between 1830 and 1850, Europe’s population grew
dramatically. Which of the following was not a
characteristic of that growth?
A. Urbanization
B. Industrialization
C. Slums
D.
Independent Peasants
Who said, population must eventually surpass the food
supply; that the food supply grows arithmetically but
population grows geometrically?
A. David Ricardo
B. Adam Smith
C. Karl Marx
 D.
Thomas Malthus
In his Essay on the Principle of Population, what was
Malthus’ solution?
The only hope of diverting disaster was through late
marriage, chastity and contraception.
What was Marx’s prediction for Capitalism in the
latter half of the nineteenth century?
A. That Capitalism would collapse.
B. That Capitalism would increase the wealth of
the middle and lower classes.
C.
That Capitalism would collapse
D. That the middle class would become
proletarianized
In 1815, how did George Stephenson make use of
the steam engine?
 A.
He invented the railroad locomotive
B. He used steam engines to drain dangerous
ground water from coal and tin mines
C. He used steam engines to run the first,
primitive electric lamps
D. He made textile manufacturing speedier
and more efficient
The Napoleonic wars:
A.
crippled French Atlantic trade
B. halted English trade with India
C. destroyed the English Textile industry
D. brought England and its former North
American colonies into warmer relations
With whom did continental liberals ally during the
Revolutions of 1848?
Urban workers
Liberals wanted more representative government,
protection of civil liberties. What did the workers
want?
Workers wanted more money and more favorable
working conditions.
Where was nationalist discontent the strongest
during the Revolutions of 1848?
The Austrian Empire
Confection:
A. outlawed guilds and their control of the trades
B. required more skill of artisans and thus gained
them higher wages
C. challenged the misogyny of male dominated
industrial workforces
 D.
was the practice of making standard sized
products rather than individually made
products.
In the early years of the nineteenth century, what
was the only thoroughly mechanized industry in
Europe?
 A.
Textile
B. Mining (Coal, tin and iron ore)
C. Chemical
D. Food Processing
Which statement best describes Chartism?
A. It was a radical movement that foreshadowed
Socialism and Marxism
B. It was a strong national movement that
lobbied for working class reforms
 C.
It was the first large-scale European workingclass political movement
D. It was able to unite both those who favored
violence and those who favored peaceful
protest
When did professional policemen first appear in
European countries?
A. During the Napoleonic Wars
B.
During the 1820s
C. After the Revolutions of 1848
D. Just after the French Revolution
E. During the Revolutions of 1830
Who was the Magyar nationalist and member of the
Hungarian diet, who attacked Austrian domination of
Hungary and demanded responsible reforms?
A. Friedrich Engels
B. Louis Cavaignac
 C.
Louis Kossuth
D. Auguste Blanqui
E. Karl Marx
Most professional police in Europe carried guns.
Where did they not carry guns ?
Great Britain
Why did both the middle and lower classes generally
look upon the police in a favorable manner?
Because police protected private property and
made society safer.
What country was the big exception where the
police were feared and hated?
Russia, especially under Nicholas I
By 1830, what was the only fully industrialized
European nation?
A. Germany
B. Belgium
C. France
 D.
Great Britain
E. Italy
Which of the following was NOT a member of the
bourgeoisie (upper middle class)?
A. Doctors
B. Lawyers
C. Bankers
 D.
Shop Keepers
E. Bureaucrats
When the National Assembly of the Second French
Republic closed the workships to new members and
made plans to eject older member, the people of Paris
rioted and set up barricades. Who used troops from the
more conservative contryside to crush the rebellion ?
A. Louis Napoleon
B.
Louis Cavaignac
C. Louis Blanc
D. Pierre Joseph Proudhon
Who wrote the Wealth of Nations?
Adam Smith
What was the core or central idea of the Wealth of
Nations?
Laissez-Faire Economics
Define Laissez-Faire Economics
Governments support an economic environment in
which transactions between private parties are free
from tariffs and government interference, with only
enough government regulations sufficient to protect
property rights against theft and aggression.
What was the Russian equivalent to the British use
of Transportation?
A. Capital Punishment
B. The draft
 C.
Exile to Siberia
D. Expulsion to Poland
E. Corporal Punishment (i.e., flogging)
In the 1840s, Euro-American nations became more
progressive about prison reforms. The two most
famous models (systems) came from:
The United States
In which model, were prisoners separated at night but
could socialize while wording during the day?
The Auburn System
In which model were prisoners were kept rigorously
separated from each other both day and night?
The Philadelphia System
What was the result of the French Plebiscite of 1851?
Only 600,000 voters out of 7.5 million voters
dared to vote against Napoleon and his
amended constitution.
As a result what did Napoleon do?
A year later Louis Napoleon declared
himself Emperor Napoleon III and
proclaimed the Second French Empire.
What was the response of the French nation and
people?
A second plebiscite overwhelmingly approved
Napoleon’s elevation and the empire.
Who advocated the construction of communities
called Phalanxes in which liberated living would
replace the monotony of industrial life?
A. Louis Blanc
B. Josiah Warren
C. Karl Marx
D. Henri de Saint-Simon
 E.
Charles Fourier
In 1817, who published his Principles of Political
Economy which transformed the ideas of Malthus
into the Iron Law of Wages.
David Ricardo
What are the main points of the Iron Law of Wages?
1. If wages are raised, parents will have more children.
2. Those children will enter the labor market expanding
the number of workers and lowering wages.
3. As wages fall, however, working people will
produce fewer children (they have less money).
4. Wages will then rise, and the process would start all
over again.
Why did Chartism fail as a national movement?
A. Its leaders were quickly jailed.
B. Most of its members refused to strike or engage
in public demonstrations
 C.
Some of its members wanted to use violence;
others peaceful protest They were divided
D. The British government used troops to crush the
Chartists.
Who believed that people are products of their heredity
and environment and this Environmentalist psychology
caused him to teach that if human beings were placed in
the correct surroundings, they and their character could
be improved?
A. Charles Fourier
B. Henri de Saint Simon
C. Karl Marx
 D.
Robert Owen
E. Louis Blanc
The purpose of the Pentonville Prison near London was
to force prisoners to examine themselves so that the
they would think about their crimes and eventually
decide to give up their criminal ways. Why did it fail?
A. The prison became more repressive as the
nineteenth century passed.
B. There were long periods of enforced silence
C. Common cell blocks led to riots
 D.
Intense isolation frequently led to mental
breakdowns
What was a great lesson of the Irish Potato Famine?
A. Economies built on one crop are economically
 vulnerable
B. Industrialization was of little use in agrarian
countries such as Ireland
C. Much of Ireland was vulnerable to famine and
depopulation
D. The British Government did not underestimate
the anger caused by the famine.
Working class people resented the gloomy ideas and
predictions of Malthus and Ricardo but the French and
British governments welcomed them. King Louis Philippe
and his Prime Minister François Guizot told the French
people to:
go and enrich themselves
After the Napoleonic wars, the Prussian reformers
saw the advantages of abolishing internal tariffs and
trade barriers that made economic growth difficult.
In 1834, all the major German states except Austria
formed a free trading union called the:
Zollverein
What social philosophy believes that laws ought to be
made to create the greatest happiness for the greatest
number of people are enacted?
A. Saint Simonianism
 B.
Utilitarianism
C. Marxism
D. Phalanxes
E. Magyarization
What was the purpose of the Corn Laws (grain laws) in
Great Britain?
A. To make British agriculture more efficient
B. To encourage the importation of cheaper
foreign grain
 C.
To protect British Grain producers
D. To lower the price of gain for the poor
The earliest socialists were Utopian socialists. They were
considered utopian because their ideas were often
visionary and because they often advocated the creation
of ideal working communities. They were socialists
because:
they questioned the structures and values of
the existing capitalist system.
Henri Saint-Simon believed that modern society
required rational management and that private
enterprise, wealth and property should be:
administered by the state, not its owners.
Early Factory owners:
A. only hired women and children
B. allowed husbands to hire their wives and
 children as assistants
C. forbade husbands and wives from working in
the same factory
D. only hired skilled artisans
Robert Owen raised wages, cut working hours, kept
young children out of the factory while sending them
to school and operated a store that sold goods at fair
prices – and his reforms actually made money. Where
did he accomplish this innovative system?
A. England
B. Ireland
 C.
Scotland
D. France
E. New England
How did Marx and Engels choose the name
Communist?
Communism comes from the French “commun”
which means “common” and implied the complete
abolition of private property. Therefore it was more
radical than the more innocent word Socialism.
What is the most popular misconception about the
Communist Manifesto?
The Communist Manifesto was NOT a prediction of
what communism might do for society and the
working class but rather an analytical analysis of the
class struggle (historical and present) and the
failures of capitalism
Who was the most famous of the Chartist leaders
who made speeches all over England and whose
popularity was so great that many people named
their children after him?
A. George Stephenson
B. Jeremy Bentham
 C.
Fergus O’Conner
D. Robert Owen
Who was the “Austrian Bismarck” who, although the
emperor Ferdinand abdicated in favor of his nephew
Francis Joseph, was the real power in the empire?
A. Francis Palacky
B. Joseph Wenzel Radetzky
C. Prince Alfred Windischraetz
D. David Hansemann
 E.
Prince Felix Schwarzenberg
Who lost his throne and fled to England in the
February Revolution in 1848?
A. Alphonse de Lamartine
B. Charles X
 C.
Louis Philippe
D. Louis Napoleon
E. Francis Joseph
In 1850, - in spite of industrialization - the largest
group of employed women working in England
worked: And in France?
 A.
on the land
B. in factories
C. in mines
D. in small shops
 E.
as domestic servants
Who made the prediction that New Harmony would
fail because it did not guarantee the right to individual
sovereignty and private property?
A. Charles Fourier
B. Louis Blanc
C. Friedrich Engels
 D.
Josiah Warren
E. Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
Which of these Frenchmen guarded Queen Victoria
during the Chartist Uprising?
A. Louis Cavaignac
 B.
Louis Napoleon
C. Alphonse de Lamartine
D. Charles X
E. Charles Albert
Marx derived the major ideas of the Communist
Manifesto from:
A. French Mutualism
B. The French Enlightenment
C. German Kantianism
 D.
German Hegelianism
E. Saint-Simon’s Technocracy
Which of following best describes Hegel’s evolutionary
development of ideas?
A. Evolutionary ideas occur through Romantic
Idealism
 B.
Thesis, Antithesis, Synthesis
C. The end justifies the means
D. The inner command in all humans to act in
every situation as one would have other people
act in the same situation
What is #D actually called? The Categorical Imperative
Whose idea was it?
Immanuel Kant
Which of the following was a characteristic of the
bourgeoisie (upper middle class)?
A. Cock Fights
B. Holy Monday
C.
Vacations
D. Boxing matches
E. Socializing at bars
What was Holy Monday?
Holy Monday was a
habit of poorer workers
who defied the system,
took Mondays off, and
began the work week
on Tuesday
Before the nineteenth century, prisons were usually
local jails or state prisons such as the Bastille. What
name was given to ships used as jails?
hulks
What was the most common minor “crime” for which
entire families might be imprisoned?
Indebtedness
The British resorted to Transportation or sending
criminals to prison colonies. What was the most
famous of these prison colonies?
New South Wales in Australia
Which was NOT a provision of the the March
Laws passed by the Hungarian diet in 1848?
A. Equality of Religion
B. Trial by Jury
C. Elections in the Lower Chamber of the Diet
D.
No taxes for the nobility
E. A relatively free press
Charles Fourier believed that:
A. all European workers should form a single
trade union
B. sex was the heart of all social dysfunction
C. industrialization ignored the passionate side
of human nature
D.
industrialization and anarchy were mutually
compatible
In December of 1848, who became the king of
Hungary and emperor of Austria?
A. Ferdinand
B. Victor Emmanuel
C. Felix Schwartzenberg
D. Charles X
 E.
Francis Joseph
Who was the violent anarchist, who advocated
violence and terrorism – and who spent most of his life
in jail?
A. Josiah Warren
B. Louis Blanc
C. Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
 D.
Auguste Blanqui
E. John Howard
Who was the moderate anarchist, who in his treatise
What is Property, attacked the banking system which
rarely extended credit to small property owners or the
poor?
A. Josiah Warren
B. Louis Blanc
 C.
Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
D. Auguste Blanqui
E. John Howard
Towards the end of the eighteenth century, reformers in
England such as John Howard and Elizabeth Fry along
with Charles Lucas in France:
A. demanded the right of women to serve in
the military, and removal of restrictions from
women’s dress and fashions.
B. Supported Robert Owen and his model
community at New Harmony, Indians
C. criticized the Chartist Movement
 D.
exposed the terrible condition in prisons and
demanded reforms
What was Devil’s Island?
Devil’s Island was a penal colony off the coast of
South America where France transported its worst
criminals to ensure they would never return
After his success at New Lanark, where did Owen try a
second but unsuccessful industrial community?
New Harmony, Indiana
Why did New Harmony fail?
Because its members were supposed to voluntarily
cooperate but because there was not guarantee of
private property, its members quarreled.
Who published The Condition of the Working Class in
England, which was a devastating attack on the
conditions of the working poor in England?
 A.
Friedrich Engels
B. Louis Cavaignac
C. Louis Kossuth
D. Auguste Blanqui
E. Karl Marx
The English Factory of 1833 was aimed at the evils of
A. Chartism
B. women taking men’s jobs in factories
C. the burdens of the working poor
D.
child labor
E. the ten hour work day
Which two of the following were NOT factors
that influenced Marx and Engels?
A. British Classical Economics
 B.
Utilitarianism
C. French Utopian Socialism
D. The Young Hegelians
 E.
The London Workingman’s Association
Which of the following was the most important factor
in the Revolutions of 1848?
A. Food shortages like the Irish Potato Famine
B. Widespread recessions and unemployment
C. Unhappiness of the urban, artisan and
laboring classes
D. Inadequate government relief programs
E. The unhappiness of political liberals who
 wanted more representative government,
protection of civil liberties
In the Marxist system, who were the haves and
the have-nots?
Have-nots A. The Proletariat
B. The Philosophes
C. The Peasants
D. The Vesuvians
Haves E. The Capitalists
Whose election and subsequent dictatorship doomed
the Second Republic?
A. Louis Cavaignac
 B.
Louis Napoleon
C. Alphonse de Lamartine
D. Charles X
E. Charles Albert
Who guided the first Pan-Slavic Congress which called
for national equality of Slavs within the Habsburg
Empire and condemned Hapsburg, Hungarian,
Ottoman and German oppression of Slavic peoples?
A. Felix Schwarzenberg
B. Wenzel Radetzky
C. Alfred Windischraetz
D.
Francis Palacky
E. David Hansemann
In The Communist Manifesto, Marx compared the
fate of the Proletariat with:
the fate of humanity itself
According to Marx, when the Proletariat liberated
itself from Capitalist servitude, what would happen?
All of humanity would be liberated.
Marx believed that even culture as expressed in art,
music and education benefited the capitalists and hurt
the workers because they diverted workers from their
misery. Marx was also bitterly critical of religion. What
did he call religion ?
The Opiate of the Masses.
Which of the following statements is true about early
nineteenth century women?
A. Middle Class Morality encouraged women
to work in factories.
B. Female factory employees accounted for
more than three quarters of all employed
women.
C. Many widows would leave the factory labor
force when their husbands died
 D.
Unmarried women rapidly became
employed in factories
Many women were energized (i.e., inspired) by
the events of 1848. Most Parisian feminists
wanted the vote but others like the Vesuvians
wanted more rights. What three rights did the
Vesuvians want?
1. Household equality
2. The right of women to serve in the
military
3. The removal of restrictions from women’s dress
and fashions.
Which of the following statements can be considered
the most correct regarding early Socialists?
A. They wanted to force women out of factory
employment to make more jobs available for
men.
B. They wanted to convince capitalist governments
 to modify Laissez-Faire principles.
C. Most of them were anarchists and revolutionary.
D. They wanted to force capitalist governments to
keep Laissez-Faire principles and support the
bourgeoisie.
Whose ideas would inspire later socialists who wanted
fairness in the market place and also the French labor
movement, which would become less involved in
politics than the labor movements of Germany or Great
Britain?
A. Friedrich Engels
B. Louis Blanc
C.
Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
D. Auguste Blanqui
E. François Guizot
What was the most important and lasting result
of the 1848 revolution in the Austrian Empire?
A. The foundations of Trade Unionism
B. The emergence of technological innovation
 C.
The emancipation of the serfs
D. The triumph of the Magyar Nobility
E. Francis Joseph becoming the new emperor,
replacing the incompetent Ferdinand
Who were the two women associated with Voix des
Femmes that organized worker’s groups to improve
the lives of working class women.
Jeanne Deroin and Pauline Roland
Both were arrested, tried and imprisoned. What was
the fate of each?
Deroin left France and founded a boarding school
in England for the children of French exiles.
Roland was imprisoned in Algeria, pardoned but died
on the way home owing to the harsh conditions in
the Algerian prison.
In the view of Karl Marx, historical change was, in all
important respects, the product of which of the
following?
A. The emergence of an intelligentsia
 B.
Class conflict
C. Plato’s Theory of Forms
D. Technological innovation
E. Pure chance
Which two of the following were associated
with the failed Roman Republic of 1849?
A. Pellegrino Rossi
 B.
Giuseppe Garibaldi
C. Francis Joseph
D. The Young Hegelians
E.
Giuseppe Mazzini