Transcript European Maritime Empires

European Maritime
Empires
Mr. Millhouse
AP World History
Hebron High School
Winners: Spain & Portugal?
Winners: Spain & Portugal?
Spanish Empire:
An Empire of Silver
• Mostly in the Americas
• Mine gold & silver
• Used natives as labor
• Encomiendas
• Repartimiento
• Mita
• Sociedad de Castas
• Mestizos
• Catholic Church
• Jesuits
Portuguese Empire:
A Trading-Post Empire
• Indian Ocean Trading-Posts
• Trades spices & sugar
• Used slaves as labor
• El Mina
• Brazil 1st plantation colony
• Imports 20% of all slaves
• Sociedad de Castas
• Mulattos
• Catholic Church
• Jesuits
Losers: Spain & Portugal?
Decline of Spanish Empire:
Too rich, too fast?
• External Pressure
• English, French, & Dutch
competition in Caribbean
• Costly wars with other
European nations
• England (Spanish Armada)
• Internal Weakness
• Inflation
• Never develops native
industries
• Financial systems not
sophisticated enough
Decline of Portuguese Empire:
Too big, too small?
• External Pressure
• Dutch takeover Indian
Ocean
• Costly wars with other
European nations
• Netherlands
• Internal Weakness
• Too small
• Never develops native
industries
• Not enough resources
Winner: Netherlands (Dutch)
An Empire of Spices?
An Empire of Sugar?
Empire of Commerce
Dutch settlers in South Africa were called Boers
Dutch East India Co.
• Dutch East India Co. (V.O.C.) was a joint-stock company
founded in 1602
• Second oldest multinational corporation
• British East India Co. founded in 1600
• First trade company to exchange stock
• Amsterdam Stock Exchange founded in 1602
• Granted a 21 year monopoly of the spice trade
• “Powers” of the V.O.C.
• Wage war
• Negotiate treaties
• Establish colonies
• Established Batavia (Jakarta) in 1619
• Mint its own coins
Mercantilism
Mercantilism is an economic theory based on the following ideas:
1. There is a limited amount of wealth (gold & silver) in the world
2. The country with the most wealth wins
3. Winning takes maintaining a favorable balance of trade by maximizing
exports, minimizing imports, and extracting resources from your
colonies
4. Control trade by granting charters to joint-stock companies (V.O.C.) to
monopolize trade
Battle for Last: England v. France
France: Empire of Fur?
England: Empire of Cotton?
England: Empire
of Capital
ENGLAND WINS!
England
Manufactured goods
North
America
Triangle Trade or
the Atlantic System
Mercantilism
Spain
SPAIN LOSES!
Africa
Meanwhile back in
Europe…
Protestant Reformation
Europe after Reformation…
WAR!!!
Scientific Revolution
North
America
Triangle Trade or
the Atlantic System
England
Manufactured goods
Commercial
Revolution
Rise of Capitalism
Spain
SPAIN LOSES!
Africa
Meanwhile back in
Europe…
Post-Classical Europe: A Review
Roman Empire
Germanic Kingdoms
(31 BCE – 476 CE)
Clovis, Charlemagne, etc.
Byzantine Empire
Feudal Kingdoms
(conquered 1453)
Feudal Monarchy
France, England, etc.
Magna
Carta,
1215
Political Trends 1450-1750
• Three new developments
• Rise of nation-states
• A political unit consisting of an autonomous state inhabited
predominantly by a people sharing a common culture, history,
and language.
• Rise of absolute monarchy
• Monarch serves as the source of power in the state and is not
legally bound by any constitution (Spain, France, Russia, etc.)
• Rise of limited monarchy
• Parliamentary monarchy or constitutional monarchy (England
& Netherlands)
• Monarch acts as head of state with powers limited by a
parliament or a constitution
Europe in 1700 C.E.
Absolute Monarchy: France
• Louis XIV (1638-1715)
• Named king at age 4
• Advised by Cardinal Mazarin
until 1661
• Divine Right of Kings
• Secularized France
• Promoted France as a nation-state
• Believed the monarch
personified the state
• Nicknamed the Sun King
• “L’État c’est moi” or “I am the
state”
Louis XIV ruled France for
over 72 years.
Reign of Louis XIV
• Limited power of nobility & Catholic church
• Increased size of French bureaucracy
• Mercantilism was used to increase the wealth of France
• With mercantilism the monarch controls trade
• Jean Baptiste Colbert
• Fought several wars
• War of Spanish Succession
• Put France in major debt
• Colonization
• North America and India
• Revoked the Edict of Nantes
• Built the Palace of Versailles
Palace of Versailles
Palace of Versailles
• Palace used as a symbol of French wealth and power
• Daily routines at Versailles were exploited by Louis XIV
• Nobility competed against each other to perform menial
tasks for the king
Hall of Mirrors
Versailles – Some Statistics
• Modern cost: over
$2,000,000,000
• Annual upkeep took 25% of
France’s income
• Main wing 500 yards long
• Two wings: 150 yards long
• 2,000 rooms
• 15,000 acres of gardens
with 1,400 fountains