Transcript Imperialism: How Europe took over the world!

Imperialism: How
Europe took over the
world!
{
Introduction into
Imperialism
{
Imperialism: The domination of
one country or region over another
country’s political, economic, or
cultural life.
 By the late 1800’s, Europeans
believed that the larger your
empire, the more important your
country was.

Imperialism
Essential Understandings
Industrial nations in Europe
needed natural resources and
markets to expand their economies
 Imperialism spread the economic,
political, and social philosophies of
Europe throughout the world.

Nationalism motivated
European nations to compete
for colonial possessions.
 Imperialism forced colonized
countries to trade on European
terms.


Industrially produced goods
flooded colonial markets and
displaced their traditional
industries.

Colonized peoples resisted
European domination and
responded in diverse ways to
Western influences.
Forms of Imperialism
Colonies
 Protectorates:
~ Local rulers were left in place as
puppet rulers carrying out in
the European country’s advice
~Cost less to run than a colony
~No large military commitment
needed
 Spheres of Influence: An area
where an outside power
claimed exclusive investment or
trading rights; examples: Britain
in China, US in Latin America

Imperialism in
Africa and Asia
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Berlin Conference: European powers
met to discuss free trade in Africa and
European control of the continent
without Africa input
 95% of Africa was controlled by
European powers

The Scramble for African Territories
Wars which began in Europe spread to
Africa
 Missionaries attempted to spread
Christianity to sub-Saharan Africa
-North Africa is Islamic
-Sub-Saharan Africa is
Christian/Traditional

Muhammad Ali was appointed governor
of Egypt in 1805
 Introduced economic, political, and
military reforms to strengthen the
country
 Conquered neighboring Arabia, Syria,
and Sudan
 French entrepreneur organized a
company to build the Suez Canal, linking
the Mediterranean and Red seas- opened
in 1869, greatly shortened route from
Europe to South and East Asia

Egypt Seeks to Modernize
Ruler of Egypt unable to repay the
loans for the building of the canal, sold
his shares to the British Prime minister
who used the change to make Egypt a
British protectorate
 Egypt continued to modernize but
nationalist discontent simmered.


Before 1800s: strict limits on foreign
traders left China with a trade
surplus (selling more than it was
buying)- China entered a period of
decline and the Industrial Revolution
encouraged Europeans to seek new
markets
Imperialism in China
Spheres of influence: Western powers
moved into China, each claiming a
different area (Enclave) as theirs for
influence- Britain, France, Russia, and
Germany all gained territory
 The United Stated opted NOT to- came
up with Open Door policy called for
China to open trade to everyone

By the mid-1800’s, controlled 3/5 of India!
 Encouraged competition among princes
and overpowered with superior weapons
 Main goal: MAKE MONEY
 Introduced western education and legal
procedures, spread Christianity
 Social changes: end to slavery, caste
system, and sati (a law requiring women to
throw themselves on the funeral fire of
their husband!)

British East India Company
Unpopular moves by the British East
India Company
 Required sepoys (Indian soldiers) to
serve anywhere overseas which was an
offense against some of the high-caste
Hindu’s religion.
 Passed a law that allowed Hindu
widows to remarry
 Issued new rifles to the sepoys that
required them to bite off the tips of
cartridges before loading them into the
rifles- the cartridges were greased with
animal fat from animals that Hindus
considered sacred.

Rebellion
Angry sepoys rose up against their British officers, and the
Sepoy Rebellion swept across India, but the British soon
rallied and crushed the revolt.
 Left a bitter legacy of fear, hatred, and mistrust on both sides
 1858: Parliament ended the rule of the East India Company
and put India under the direct rule of the British Crown
 Slowed reforms that had angered Indians, but continued to
develop the area for Britain’s own economic benefit.

Responses of
Colonized Peoples
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By the late 1800’s, western-educated
Indians were starting a nationalist
movement that dreamed of ending
imperial rule.
 1885: Indian National Congressprofessionals and business leaders who
believed in peaceful protest to gain their
ends

Nationalism in India
Called for a greater
democracy!
 1906: Muslim League
formed to pursue their
own goals separately from
the Hindus, eventually
called for a separate
Muslim state
 The country of Pakistan
was created because of
this division


1899: Boxer Rebellion:
Anti- foreign feelings
resulted in an uprising
against foreign traders
who believed they were
corrupting Chinese
society, failed but
encouraged nationalist
feelings
Armed Conflicts

Resistance to imperialism took
many forms, including armed
conflict and intellectual
movements.
Essential Understandings