Transcript Western Imperialism noimage

What impact, if any, did the African
Slave Trade have on the world:
–Economy (money)
–Social Order (‘Inferior’ vs. ‘Superior’)
–And Cultural Make-up
The Atlantic Slave Trade
• Europeans tried enslaving Native Americans,
but the system did not work well due to the
devastation of the Native American population
– Disease
– Difficulty enslaving peoples in their own land
• The Portuguese began the slave trade when
they set up sugar plantations off of the coast of
West Africa
• The Canary Islands
The Atlantic Slave Trade
• To make a large profit African slaves were
taken from the interior of Africa and
transported to the sugar plantations
• Later other European nations would follow:
– The Dutch
– The English
– The French
• By the 1600’s the slave trade was the chief
focus of European relations with Africa
The Atlantic Slave Trade
The motivator for initiating and continuing the
slave trade was mercantilism:
– Gold : for financial gain
– God : it was believed that God had destined
European nations to convert, civilize and be
the superior culture all over the world
– Glory : for the benefit of the rulers of
European nations
The Atlantic Slave Trade
Slave trade in the Atlantic was part of a
system referred to as the Triangular Trade.
– Cotton goods, weapons and liquor was shipped
to Africa.
– African slaves were then traded and shipped to
the Americas by way of the Middle Passage
– Slaves were sold in the Americas for products on
the plantations.
– These products were then shipped to Europe
Demonstration of Learning
• What was the motive for the Atlantic Slave
Trade?
– Economic growth of European Empires
• What were the motivations behind
colonialism?
– Gold
– God
– Glory
Demonstration of Learning
What was the Columbian
Exchange?
English Colonial Expansion
• Mercantilism - was a theory that favored
the extension of a nation’s economic
power beyond its borders.
• Mercantilists believed that for a nation to
become wealthy, it must export more
goods than it imports.
• Heavy trade restrictions would lead to the
smuggling and piracy of goods.
Western Imperialism
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Modern Imperialism
Imperialism – is when one country takes
control of another country
1870 – 1914 was the height of the age of
Imperialism
Imperial was not new because Empires
controlled other lands before this time
By 1914 countries from Europe, Japan & the
US controlled almost the whole world
Imperialism
• Supposedly…European Governments did
not plan to imperialize other nations.
• Merchants or explorers went to foreign lands
• To protect their investments European
soldiers would be sent.
• As infrastructure was created the natives
were left out of the benefit of development
Imperialism
Types of Control
• Settlement Colonies – large groups of people
from one country living together in a new place.
Australia
• Dependent Colonies – a few European
officials ruled the non-European people
India
Imperialism
• Protectorates - Local rulers retain the title
however the European or American
government controlled the area
I.E. Puerto Rico & Guam
• Spheres of Influence – an area in which one
nation had a special interest. Other nations
agreed to respect those special interests
Imperialism
• Nationalism – love of one’s country rather than of
one’s native region.
• Nations looked to gain respect through colonization
• They looked to gain power by growing their armies
with foreign soldiers
• Example: soldiers from Nepal, New Zealand &
Australia joined the British Fleet
Imperialism
Economic Motives
• Industrialization spurs imperialism:
• Commodities such as copper, rubber & coal
were raw materials that some powerful nations
did not have.
• These materials could be had if they controlled
foreign regions that had an abundance of there
items
Imperialism
• In increase demand for goods also spurred
imperialism.
• Europe and the U.S. could not use all of the goods
produced.
• New markets would be developed in Asia & Africa
• Merchants would convince Africans & Asians to where
dress shirts & ties.
• This grew demand and big business for European &
U.S. markets
Imperialism
• Population growth came with Industrialization
which pushed further colonization (imperialism)
• The population booms in Europe led to high
unemployment.
• Europeans left their own country to settle in
South America, Asia & Africa.
• With military presence and discrimination by
world powers on native peoples, settlers began
to benefit.
Imperialism
Cultural Motives
• Many people in the industrialized nations
thought they had a duty to spread ideas and
knowledge throughout the world. (The means
were oppressive & Paternalistic)
• People were considered inferior if their religion
or culture differed from that of the West.
• Westerners thought that non-Western people
were primitive.
Imperialism
• Churches in Europe and the US sent a growing
number of missionaries to colonies.
• Many trained as teachers
• Through the efforts of missionaries knowledge
of medicine, hygiene, and sanitation spread
along with the religion of Christianity.
The Scramble for Africa
Imperialism
• The French looked towards North Africa to expand their
territory/empire.
• Algeria – was an Islamic state of the Ottoman Empire. The
Algerians resented French rule and the presence of French
Colonists
• Tunis was also apart of the Ottoman Empire and their people
resented the French for taking military action against them and
making Tunisia a protectorate
• Morocco – located on the Strait of Gibraltar. France made an
agreement that allowed the French to take over Morocco as
long as they did not interfere with Italy’s plan for Libya and G.
Britain’s plan for Egypt.
What is the connection?
• What connection does Ghandi have with
Western Imperialism?
• Identify the connection between Aparthied
& Ghandi
• How about the connection of Dr. Martin
Luther King and Ghandi?
Imperialism
• The British – would eventually seize control of Egypt from a
weakened Ottoman Empire.
• The Egyptians allowed the French to begin building a canal
through the Isthmus of Suez that would connect the
Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea.
• The Egyptians also bought stock into the project and the
company.
• The cost was great and the Egyptian ruler had an extravagant
lifestyle.
• This led to the Egyptians putting their stock up for sale and the
British bought it.
Imperialism
The Fashoda Crisis
• South of Egypt is Sudan.
• By this time the British controlled all of Egypt
and were looking to expand their territory further
south down the Nile river into the Sudan.
• The Sudanese were once ruled by the Egyptians
but they successfully revolted and were led by
al-Mahdi.
• The British wanted to put down al-Mahdi and his
forces and control The Sudan but so did…
Imperialism
• The French and the British would meet and
almost go to war at Fashoda Sudan.
• The British had a superior Navy and Army
and the French yielded their quest for the
area.
• The British now controlled Egypt and The
Sudan
Imperialism
South Africa
• Dutch colonists from Belgium first landed in
South Africa. Their settlements were
interrupted by the arrival of The British.
• The Dutch moved north and their
descendents became known as the Boers
• The Boers spoke their own language which
became known as Afrikaans
Imperialism
• The Boers encroached on Zulu territory when they
moved north which cause a war.
• The mighty Zulu tribe was led by Shaka Zulu.
• The battles lasted for years until the British joined
the war and helped the Boers defeat the Zulu.
• Most of the land of the Zulu which would become
known as the Orange Free State & Transvaal fell
into the hands of the Boers.
Imperialism
• Ties between the Boers and the British
would go bad when diamonds and gold is
discovered.
• Businessman Cecil Rhodes would end up
controlling a large portion of Southern
Africa and his colonies would be name
after himself Rhodesia.
Imperialism
• The British would win the crisis which became
known as the Boer War.
• Boer War – war between the British and the
Boers over control of South Africa’s Orange
Free State and the Trasnsvaal.
• Unfortunately the British would pay for the
damage done to Boer farms.
Imperialism
• African’s who own property that was damaged during the
war received nothing
• Social Darwinism - In its simplest form, Social Darwinism
follows the mantra of "the strong survive," including human
issues. This theory was used to promote the idea that the
white European race was superior to others, and therefore,
destined to rule over them
• Apartheid – An official policy of racial segregation formerly
practiced in South Africa, involving political, legal and
economic discrimination against nonwhites.
• Paternalism – ruling a group of people and justifying that
rule because it is believed that the subjects cannot rule
themselves.