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CA Standard • 10.4.1 – Describe the rise of industrial economies and their link to imperialism and colonialism in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. 9-1: Building Overseas Empires Vocabulary • Empire – Group of states/countries under one rule. • Imperialism – Process of forming an empire by creating colonies. – Domination of one country over another • Colony – A settlement of people who leave their country to go live in a new land. • Protectorate – Country that is controlled economically by another • Sphere of influence – Area in which an outside country claims trading privileges. Imperialism • Imperialism in 1492 – European countries began conquering Land in the Americas Western Civilization Non Western Civilization Europe Americas Americas New Imperialism, 1800s • Causes of New Imperialism 1. Industrial Revolution – $$$$ MONEY – New consumers to sell products to. 2. Military – Military bases around the world – For national security – More land = More Power • Causes continued 3. Humanitarian and Religious Goals • • Goal to help people medically Convert people to Christianity 4. Social Darwinism – Survival of the Fittest – Racial superiority – Belief that White race is the best race and should dominate weaker races. Reasons for Rapid Spread of Imperialism • European Countries – Strong economies – Stable governments – Superior Military • Maxim Machine Gun • Technology and Medicine • African and Asian Countries – Opposite of Europe • Weak economies • Unstable govts. • Weak military – No new weapons – No new technology Maxim Machine Gun Imperial Rule • Direct rule • Sending officials and soldiers to rule colonies directly. » French Practiced direct rule • Indirect rule • Using local rulers to control colony – Local rulers are controlled by ruling country. – British practiced Indirect rule British French • In a protectorate, local rulers control colony, but obey European advisors • Sphere of Influence – Countries claim an area for investment or trading • The US had a sphere of influence over Latin America • US sphere of Influence United States Homework 1. What factors contributed to European Imperialism? 2. How did Western imperialism spread through Africa and Asia so quickly? 3. Compare and contrast how Britain and France ruled their African colonies? 4. What is the difference between Western and Non-Western civilization? Africa in the early 1800s • Large continent – Hundreds of languages, religions, and governments. – North, West and East Africa was largely made up of Muslims • Both black African and Arab – Southern Africa • Mainly black Africans – Slavery • Became outlawed on the West side, but the East side continued to trade to Asia. • Liberia became a place for freed slaves Africa North West East South • Video clip on imperialism • The Great Nations of Europe had gathered on the shore they'd conquered what was behind them and now they wanted more so they looked to the mighty ocean and took to the western sea The great nations of europe in the 16th century Hide your wives and daughters, hide the White Man’s Burden by Rudyard Kipling 1899 • Take up the White Man's burden— • Send forth the best ye breed— • Go bind your sons to exile • To serve your captives' need; • To wait in heavy harness, • On fluttered folk and wild— • Your new-caught, sullen peoples, • Half-devil and half-child. • Help with the White Man’s difficult job • Send your country’s best • Send your sons to another country • To serve the needs of whomever they conquer • To rule over • Slow and Uncivilized people • Your new hopeless prisoners • People who are not Christian and incapable of taking care of themselves What is this poem about? Who is this poem about? White Man’s Burden by Rudyard Kipling • Take up the White Man's burden— • Help with the White Man’s difficult job • Send forth the best ye breed— • Send your best • Go bind your sons to exile • Send your sons to another country • To serve your captives' need; • To serve the needs of whomever they conquer • To wait in heavy harness, • To rule over • On fluttered folk and wild— • Slow and Uncivilized people • Your new-caught, sullen peoples, • Your new hopeless prisoners • Half-devil and half-child. • People who are not Christian and incapable of taking care of themselves 9-2: Partition of Africa 1. Explorers • Steamboats made exploration easier • Went to Africa to map it. 2. Missionaries • Went to Africa to convert people to Christianity – Built churches and schools – Tried to get them to become more European 3. David Livingstone • Explorer and Catholic Missionary whose trail made it possible for Europeans to travel through Africa Scramble for Africa • King Leopold of Belgium – Sends people to colonize the interior of Africa – Causes the 1884 Berlin Conference • European meeting about colonizing Africa – To colonize Africa, they first had to set up a government office Tunisia 1881 French Morocco 1912 Algeria 1830 1885 Imperialism in Africa to 1914 Libya 1912 Egypt 1882 Eritrea 1890 Sudan 1889 French West Africa 1874 Ethiopia Independent Nigeria 1884 Liberia Cameroon Independent Belgian Congo 1908 1884 Belgium British Angola 1891 French Italian Somalia 1884 German East Africa 1885 German Italian Portuguese Spanish Dates indicate official year of colonization German South Africa 1884 Madagascar 1895 • Boer War – Between British and Dutch over gold in S. Africa • British won and established South Africa • Set up an all white government – Caused racial segregation – Apartheid (legal separation of blacks and whites) • Who controlled the Southern tip of Africa in the early 1900s? a) b) c) d) The French The British The Germans The Belgians European Colonies in Africa 1850 British French Portuguese Belgian Congo 1908 Belgium Egypt 1882 Sudan 1889 Nigeria 1884 Belgian Congo 1908 Belgium British Tunisia 1881 French Morocco 1912 Algeria 1830 French West Africa 1874 Egypt 1882 Sudan 1889 Nigeria 1884 Belgian Congo 1908 Belgium British French Madagascar 1895 Tunisia 1881 French Morocco 1912 Algeria 1830 French West Africa 1874 Egypt 1882 Sudan 1889 Nigeria 1884 Cameroon 1884 Belgian Congo 1908 Belgium British German East Africa 1885 French German German South Africa 1884 Madagascar 1895 Tunisia 1881 French Morocco 1912 Algeria 1830 Libya 1912 Egypt 1882 Eritrea 1890 French West Africa 1874 Sudan 1889 Italian Somalia 1884 Nigeria 1884 Cameroon 1884 Belgian Congo 1908 Belgium British German East Africa 1885 French German Italian German South Africa 1884 Madagascar 1895 Tunisia 1881 French Morocco 1912 Algeria 1830 Libya 1912 Egypt 1882 Eritrea 1890 Sudan 1889 French West Africa 1874 Italian Somalia 1884 Nigeria 1884 Cameroon 1884 Belgian Congo 1908 Belgium British Angola 1891 French German East Africa 1885 German Italian Portuguese German South Africa 1884 Madagascar 1895 Tunisia 1881 French Morocco 1912 Algeria 1830 1885 Libya 1912 Egypt 1882 Eritrea 1890 Sudan 1889 French West Africa 1874 Italian Somalia 1884 Nigeria 1884 Cameroon 1884 Belgian Congo 1908 Belgium British Angola 1891 French German East Africa 1885 German Italian Portuguese Spanish German South Africa 1884 Madagascar 1895 Tunisia 1881 French Morocco 1912 Algeria 1830 1885 Imperialism in Africa to 1914 Libya 1912 Egypt 1882 Eritrea 1890 Sudan 1889 French West Africa 1874 Ethiopia Independent Nigeria 1884 Liberia Cameroon Independent Belgian Congo 1908 1884 Belgium British Angola 1891 French Italian Somalia 1884 German East Africa 1885 German Italian Portuguese Spanish Dates indicate official year of colonization German South Africa 1884 Madagascar 1895 European Colonies in Africa 1850 British French Portuguese Compare and contrast the 1850 African map with the 1814 map. Tunisia 1881 French Morocco 1912 Algeria 1830 1885 Imperialism in Africa to 1914 Libya 1912 Egypt 1882 Eritrea 1890 1850 Sudan 1889 French West Africa 1874 Ethiopia Independent Nigeria 1884 Liberia Cameroon Independent Belgian Congo 1908 1884 Belgium British Angola 1891 French Italian Somalia 1884 German East Africa 1885 German Italian Portuguese Spanish Dates indicate official year of colonization German South Africa 1884 Madagascar 1895 Sierra Leone: West African colony For freed slaves. Tunisia 1881 French Morocco 1912 Algeria 1830 1885 Imperialism in Africa to 1914 Libya 1912 Egypt 1882 Eritrea 1890 Sudan 1889 French West Africa 1874 Ethiopia Independent Nigeria 1884 Liberia Cameroon Independent Belgian Congo 1908 1884 Belgium British Angola 1891 French Italian Somalia 1884 German East Africa 1885 German Italian Portuguese Spanish Dates indicate official year of colonization German South Africa 1884 Madagascar 1895 •1500s, the Muslim world extended from West Africa to Southeast Asia. Muslim World Middle East: Population Density Ch 9-3 European challenges to the Muslim world • 1800s, Muslim world began to decay. • Causes 1. Corrupt government lost power 2. People rebelled 3. Western Imperialism 1. Invasion of European countries • Muhammad Ali • The father of modern Egypt • • Improved Egypt politically and economically Suez Canal – 100 mile long canal in Egypt that connects the Mediterranean Sea with the Red Sea • Built with loans from Europe – • Egypt was unable to repay loan » Britain stepped in and took control of the Canal and Egypt 1900, oil was discovered in Iran – Caused Russia and Britain to begin plans to get control of oil fields. Great Britain Russian Empire France Italy Aral Sea Black Sea Spain Turkey Ottoman Empire Mediterranean Sea Persia (Iran) Algeria Suez Canal Libya Egypt Arabian Sea British Rule French Rule Italian Rule Ottoman Empire, 1913 Russian Empire Trade Route Before the Suez Canal Great Britain Russian Empire France Italy Aral Sea Black Sea Spain Turkey Ottoman Empire Mediterranean Sea Persia (Iran) Algeria Suez Canal Libya Egypt Arabian Sea British Rule French Rule Italian Rule Ottoman Empire, 1913 Russian Empire Trade Route Great Britain Russian Empire France Italy Aral Sea Black Sea Spain Mediterranean Sea Turkey Persia (Iran) Algeria Libya Egypt Arabian Sea British Rule Great Britain Russian Empire France Italy Aral Sea Black Sea Spain Mediterranean Sea Turkey Persia (Iran) Algeria Libya Egypt Arabian Sea British Rule French Rule Great Britain Russian Empire France Italy Aral Sea Black Sea Spain Mediterranean Sea Turkey Persia (Iran) Algeria Libya Egypt Arabian Sea British Rule French Rule Italian Rule Great Britain Russian Empire France Italy Aral Sea Black Sea Spain Mediterranean Sea Turkey Persia (Iran) Algeria Libya Egypt Arabian Sea British Rule French Rule Italian Rule Ottoman Empire, 1913 Great Britain Russian Empire France Italy Aral Sea Black Sea Spain Mediterranean Sea Turkey Persia (Iran) Algeria Libya Egypt Arabian Sea British Rule French Rule Italian Rule Ottoman Empire, 1913 Russian Empire Great Britain Russian Empire France Italy Aral Sea Black Sea Spain Turkey Ottoman Empire Mediterranean Sea Persia (Iran) Algeria Suez Canal Libya Egypt Arabian Sea British Rule French Rule Italian Rule Ottoman Empire, 1913 Russian Empire Trade Route CST of the Day Thursday, November 30, 2006 How did the Industrial Revolution contribute to imperialism? a) Countries sought new consumers b) Created many protectorates around the world c) Countries wanted to build factories in Asia and Africa d) Nations needed natural resources from Europe Ch. 9-4 The British Take Over India • The British East India Company – Company gained trading rights in India – By 1800s it controlled 3/5 of India • Main goal was to make money – Positive • They improved roads, maintained peace, and reduced crime 4 The Sepoy Rebellion The British: • Forced sepoys, or Indian soldiers to do things that were against their Hindu religion. • Sepoys reacted by beating and killing British men, women, and children. • The British retaliated and killed thousands of Indians. – The British won and took control of India Sepoys Are Indian Soldiers Imperialism in India to 1858 British Colonies in 1765 Indian Ocean Imperialism in India to 1858 British Colonies in 1765 British Territory, 1805 Imperialism in India to 1858 British Colonies in 1765 British Territory, 1805 British Territory, 1858 Imperialism in India to 1858 British Colonies in 1765 British Territory, 1805 British Territory, 1858 Area of Sepoy Rebellion Imperialism in India to 1858 British Colonies in 1765 British Territory, 1805 British Territory, 1858 Area of Sepoy Rebellion CST of the Day Wednesday, November 29, 2006 At the end of the 1800’s, colonies were generally seen as a a) b) c) d) Place to banish criminals Sign of a country’s relative power Location to train military forces Method for suppressing nationalism CST of the Day Monday, December 4, 2006 • Which of the following is the “working class?” a) b) c) d) Bourgeoisie Aristocrat Proletariat Elite Ch 9 New Imperialism Test 1. Africa is a large country • 2. Africa is a large continent European missionaries main goal was to convert Africans to Islam. • 3. There main goal was to convert them to Christianity. Africa is made up entirely of the Black Africa race. • 4. Africa is made up of several races such as, Black, Arab, English, French, Spanish, etc. Liberia, Ethiopia and Madagascar remained independent during 19th century European imperialism. • 5. Madagascar was colonized by the French. Italy refused to play a role in colonizing Africa • Italy colonized Libya, Eritrea, and Italian Somalia. •Protectorate •Colony •Sphere of Influence •Empire Matching d 6. The U.S. is considered a/an ________ • The U.S. is considered an EMPIRE. c 7. The US had a/an __________ in Latin America during the 1800s. • The US had a SPHERE OF INFLUENCE in Latin America. b 8. India became a __________ of the British Empire. • India became a COLONY of the British Empire. 9. Country that is controlled economically by another. • Protectorate. a Multiple Choice 10. Why did Social Darwinism favor Western Imperialism a) Colonies would bring wealth and prestige to the home country b) Increased trade would benefit all peoples. c) Westerners thought they had a duty to bring their civilization to inferior races. 11. What African country remained independent? a) b) c) d) Gold Coast Liberia Sierra Leon South Africa 12. What was the name of the war over gold and diamonds between the Dutch and British? a) b) c) d) Gold and Diamond War South Africa War Dutcho-British War Boer War 13. Ethiopia was able to stay independent because a) Ethiopia modernized and imported European weapons b) Europeans could not reach its remote location 14. Europeans became more interested in Iran with what discovery in the region? a) b) c) d) Gold Oil Diamonds coal 15. Rifle cartridges greased with animal fat and other offenses against Hindus set off the … a) Sepoy Rebellion b) Mughal Rebellion c) Taiping Rebellion 16. Which of the following was NOT a cause of the decay of the Muslim world? a) b) c) d) Corrupt government Assassination of the caliph Western Imperialism Rebellion 17. Which two European countries colonized most of Africa? a) b) c) d) France and Germany Portugal and France France and Great Britain Great Britain and Spain Short Answer 18. Which two bodies of water does the Suez Canal connect? • The Mediterranean and the Red Sea 19. Which group of people ruled over present day Turkey? • Ottomans 20. What is the importance of the Suez Canal? • It shortened the travel time from Europe to Asia. 21. How did the British take control of Egypt and the Suez Canal? • Egypt was unable to repay the loan it received for building the canal. The British repaid the loan and took over both Egypt and the canal. 22. What was the main agreement made by Europeans powers at the Berlin Conference in 1884? They all agreed that in order to colonize Africa, a government office must first be established in the region. 23. Name the four causes of New Imperialism 1. 2. 3. 4. Industrial Revolution (money) military Humanitarian or Religion Social Darwinism (survival of the fittest, or belief in racial supremacy) 24. Why were European countries able to spread so rapidly into Africa and India? Strong Economies Superior Military Weapons and Technology Maxim Machine Gun Stable governments 25. Explain direct and indirect rule. Direct rule is when a country rules it colonies directly by placing its government officials and soldiers in the colony in order to establish its culture and dominance over colony. Indirect rule is when a country rules its colonies by leaving local rulers in place. These local rulers obey the leaders of the colonizing country. 26. How did Social Darwinism cause New Imperialism? Survival of the fittest caused the belief in racial superiority, which caused Europeans to believe that they were superior to other races and should therefore dominate those weaker races. 27.What and who was the poem, “White Man’s Burden” about? • • Imperialism Africans 28.Define Imperialism. • Imperialism is a policy of extending control or authority over foreign regions. • Dominance of one country over another. 29. Who was David Livingstone – He was a British explorer and missionary who blazed a trail though Africa, which allowed others to travel into the interior of Africa. 30. What do the dates on the African map indicate? – Official dates of colonization 31. Which European country colonized Cameroon? – Germany 32. What was the British East India Company’s main goal and how did they improve other aspects of India? – There main goal was to make money and they improved India by building roads, maintaining peace and reducing crime. 33. Approximately how long did it take the British to colonize all of India? – 93 years • Subtract the year 1765 from 1858 34. In which part of India did the Sepoy Rebellion take place – Central or middle part of India. 35. Who won the Sepoy Rebellion – The British 36. What is the difference Between the following Two maps? Tunisia 1881 French Morocco 1912 Algeria 1830 1885 Imperialism in Africa to 1914 Libya 1912 Egypt 1882 Eritrea 1890 1850 Sudan 1889 French West Africa 1874 Ethiopia Independent Nigeria 1884 Liberia Cameroon Independent Belgian Congo 1908 1884 Belgium British Angola 1891 French Italian Somalia 1884 German East Africa 1885 German Italian Portuguese Spanish Dates indicate official year of colonization German South Africa 1884 Madagascar 1895 37. What are the differences between these two Muhammad Ali’s? Professional Boxer who changed his name from Casius Clay to Muhammad Ali when he converted to Islam. Father of Modern Egypt who Improved Egypt politically and Economically. • Who is pictured below? Sepoy or Indian soldier • What does CST stand for – California Standards Test • What was the California Standard that you learned this week? • European Imperialism in African and India British Empire • What I Know • What I Learned Homework • Explain Imperialism in the 1800s?