Transcript Period 5 Review Game

Period 5 – c. 1750 to c. 1900
Period 5 – c. 1750-1900
What are the four key concepts, or major
themes, that drive global events during this
timeframe?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Period 5 – 1750-1900
What are the four key concepts, or major
themes, that drive global events during this
timeframe?
1. Industrialization and global capitalism
2. Imperialism
3. Revolutions and nationalism
4. Global migration
Industrialization
When and where did the so-called “Industrial
Revolution” – which really is a long, developing
process … hence, the term industrialization –
begin?
When:
Where:
Industrialization
When and where did the so-called “Industrial
Revolution” – which really is a long, developing
process … hence, the term industrialization –
begin?
When: Mid-18th century
Where: Britain
Industrialization
Why did it begin in Britain?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Industrialization
Why did it begin in Britain?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Surplus food, increased population, labor
Government supported transportation
Favorable geography and climate
Access to capital and markets
Abundant natural resources: coal and iron
Industrialization
The terms enclosure and urbanization are related to
what “revolution” that paved the way for
industrialization?
Industrialization
The terms enclosure and urbanization are related to
what “revolution” that paved the way for
industrialization?
The Agricultural Revolution (not to be
confused with the original Neolithic one)
Industrialization
What is the invention that is synonymous with
the start of industrialization … and who
invented it … and for what original purpose …
and what three ways was it later put to great
advantage generating power for industry?
Industrialization
What is the invention that is synonymous with
the start of industrialization … and who
invented it … and for what original purpose …
and what three ways was it later put to great
advantage generating power for industry?
steam engine … James Watt … to pump
water from mines … generating power for 1)
factories 2) locomotives 3) steamships
Industrialization
Name six really important inventions of the 19th
century.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Industrialization
Name six really important inventions of the 19th and
early 20th centuries.
1. Telegraph (Samuel Morse, 1837)
2. Telephone (A.G. Bell, 1876)
3. Light bulb (Thomas Edison, 1879)
4. Internal combustion engine (Gottlieb Daimler,
1885)
5. Radio (Marconi, 1890s; broadcasts begin 1920s)
6. Airplane (Wright brothers, 1903)
Industrialization
Name three responses to the dark side of
industrialization.
1.
2.
3.
Industrialization
Name three responses to the dark side of
industrialization.
1. Child labor laws
2. Sanitation laws
3. Rise of labor unions
Industrialization
Who wrote The Communist Manifesto (1848),
which said the working class would eventually
revolt and take control of the means of
production, that the state would wither away and
class distinctions would disappear as society
worldwide passed through the stages of
capitalism to socialism … and finally to perfect
socialism – which is called communism?
Industrialization
Who wrote The Communist Manifesto (1848),
which said the working class would eventually
revolt and take control of the means of
production, that the state would wither away and
class distinctions would disappear as society
worldwide passed through the stages of
capitalism to socialism … and finally to perfect
socialism – which is called communism?
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
Industrialization
What was the significance of the Bessemer
process?
Industrialization
What was the significance of the Bessemer
process?
It refers to Henry Bessemer’s 1856 invention:
a refined blast furnace known as the
Bessemer converter, which made possible
the production of steel in much larger and
cheaper quantities. Steel quickly replaced
iron in machines, tools and structures
requiring high strength.
Industrialization
What was the role of places like Latin America,
sub-Saharan Africa and Asia during the
industrialization of the 18th and 19th centuries?
Industrialization
What was the role of places like Latin America,
sub-Saharan Africa and Asia during the
industrialization of the 18th and 19th centuries?
They failed to industrialize and instead
provided the raw materials for the
industrializing West. Investments and
profits accrued to the wealthy few
landowners in these areas, and a large
middle class failed to emerge.
Industrialization
As industrial economies overtook agricultural,
plantation-based cash-crop economies, what
notorious labor system came to an end in the
19th century and stands as the greatest human
rights triumph of the age? What, ironically, then
happened to put something of a lie to that
triumph?
Industrialization
As industrial economies overtook agricultural,
plantation-based cash-crop economies, what
notorious labor system came to an end in the 19th
century and stands as the greatest human rights
triumph of the age? What, ironically, then happened
to put something of a lie to that triumph? The
Atlantic slave trade … the colonization of Africa
and the oftentimes brutally coercive measures
taken by Europeans to exploit the continent’s
raw materials
Imperialism
What joint-stock company, in the aftermath of
the Seven Years’ War, ridded South Asia of the
French and took advantage of the weakening
Mughals to set up administrative regions
throughout the empire?
Imperialism
What joint-stock company, in the aftermath of
the Seven Years’ War, ridded South Asia of the
French and took advantage of the weakening
Mughals to set up administrative regions
throughout the empire?
The British East India Company
Imperialism
What event was triggered over concerns about
the greasing of bullet cartridges with animal fat
… and triggered, in turn, the British parliament
stepping in to make all of India a crown colony
and its nearly 300 million inhabitants British
subjects?
Imperialism
What event was triggered over concerns about
the greasing of bullet cartridges with animal fat
… and triggered, in turn, the British parliament
stepping in to make all of India a crown colony
and its nearly 300 million inhabitants British
subjects?
The Sepoy Mutiny
Imperialism
What entity was formed in India in 1885 to
begin the slow journey toward independence – a
journey that did not end until after World War
II in the 20th century?
Imperialism
What entity was formed in India in 1885 to
begin the slow journey toward independence – a
journey that did not end until after World War
II in the 20th century?
The Indian National Congress
Imperialism
“Scientific racism” like the social Darwinism
espoused by Herbert Spencer was often used to
justify the imperial dominance of one people
over another. Explain social Darwinism.
Imperialism
“Scientific racism” like the social Darwinism
espoused by Herbert Spencer was often used to
justify the imperial dominance of one people
over another. Explain social Darwinism.
Social Darwinism held that Europeans had
reached a higher stage of evolution and were
thus morally superior to other peoples.
Imperialism
What’s the name of the wicked dude who had
his own personal colony in the Congo? What
European country was he from? What raw
material was he obsessed with?
Imperialism
What’s the name of the wicked dude who had
his own personal colony in the Congo? What
European country was he from? What raw
material was he obsessed with?
King Leopold of Belgium … rubber
Imperialism
Name five things that made European
colonization of Africa possible.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Imperialism
Name five things that made the so-called
European “scramble for Africa” possible.
1. the anti-malarial drug quinine
2. steam-powered riverboats
3. superior weapons, including the Maxim
gun
4. African disunity
5. the Berlin Conference “ground rules”
Imperialism
Outside of Liberia – which remained an
independent state (though under the sphere of
influence of the United States) – what other
country notably remained independent by
resisting European colonization in the 19th
century?
Imperialism
Outside of Liberia – which remained an
independent state (though under the sphere of
influence of the United States) – what other
country notably remained independent by
resisting European colonization in the 19th
century?
Ethiopia
Imperialism
What two countries in the mid-19th century –
after centuries of resisting Western interference
with its internal affairs – were forced to open up
to trade with Europeans and sign “unequal
treaties,” which granted Europeans broad
latitude politically and economically to conduct
business in their countries?
Imperialism
What two countries in the mid-19th century –
after centuries of resisting Western interference
with its internal affairs – were forced to open up
to trade with Europeans and sign “unequal
treaties,” which granted Europeans broad
latitude politically and economically to conduct
business in their countries?
China and Japan
Imperialism
What dynasty tried unsuccessfully to get its act
together in the 1860s with what became known
as the Self-Strengthening Movement, in which
an attempt was made to blend traditional
cultural values with the industrial technology of
the West?
Imperialism
What dynasty tried unsuccessfully to get its act
together in the 1860s with what became known
as the Self-Strengthening Movement, in which
an attempt was made to blend traditional
cultural values with the industrial technology of
the West?
The Qing (or Manchu) dynasty
Imperialism
Why was Japan able to kick China’s butt in the
Sino-Japanese War and Russia’s butt in the
Russo-Japanese War?
Imperialism
Why was Japan able to kick China’s butt in the
Sino-Japanese War and Russia’s butt in the RussoJapanese War?
Following the Meiji restoration, Japan adopted
Western technology and industrialized at an
unprecedented pace … and the modern British
warships it purchased beginning in 1876 helped
a lot, too!
Imperialism
Why did a coalition that included Britain and
France come to the aid of the weakening
Ottoman Empire and help it fight off the
imperial advances of the Russian empire in the
Crimean War?
Imperialism
Why did a coalition that included Britain and France
come to the aid of the weakening Ottoman Empire
and help it fight off the imperial advances of the
Russian empire in the Crimean War?
Powers in Western Europe feared that if the
Ottoman Empire collapsed, its multiethnic
regions would become highly destabilized,
creating a power vacuum that Russia could
exploit to upset the balance of power across the
continent.
Imperialism
What’s the name of the concept that justified
U.S. imperial expansion westward across North
America … and what’s the name of the policy
begun in 1823 that saw the U.S. view its entire
hemisphere as one giant protectorate?
Imperialism
What’s the name of the concept that justified
U.S. imperial expansion westward across North
America … and what’s the name of the policy
begun in 1823 that saw the U.S. view its entire
hemisphere as one giant protectorate?
“manifest destiny” … Monroe Doctrine
Imperialism
Name two important events that revealed the
imperial nature of U.S. foreign policy in the 19th
and early 20th centuries.
1.
2.
Imperialism
Name two important events that revealed the
imperial nature of U.S. foreign policy in the 19th
and early 20th centuries.
1.The Spanish-American War
2. The building of the Panama Canal
Revolution
Name three Enlightenment thinkers who had a
big influence on the Founders of the United
States.
1.
2.
3.
Revolution
Name three Enlightenment thinkers who had a
big influence on the Founders of the United
States.
1. John Locke (consent of the
governed/personal rights to life, liberty,
property)
2. Voltaire (freedom of speech, religion)
3. Montesquieu (separation of powers)
Revolution
In what major ways did the French Revolution
differ from the American Revolution?
Revolution
In what major ways did the French Revolution differ
from the American Revolution?
The Americans wanted to gain their
independence from the mother country, not reject
the entire political foundation (though they did
certainly reject the notion of a king being in
charge!) … and the French turned radical, with
40,000 dying during the Reign of Terror and a
dictator ultimately emerging in Napoleon.
Revolution
How did the Napoleonic Wars influence major
political developments in the Americas?
Revolution
How did the Napoleonic Wars influence major
political developments in the Americas?
In Latin America, creole-led revolutionaries took
advantage of Napoleon’s 1807 invasion of the
Iberian peninsula and successfully gained
independence from Spain and Portugal between
1810 and 1825 … and earlier Haiti took advantage
of the turmoil in France to gain its independence
through the only successful slave revolt in history.
Revolution
Name the creole whose plans to liberate South
America and establish Gran Colombia, and thus
make himself into the “George Washington” of
Latin America, ultimately proved too ambitious.
Revolution
Name the creole whose plans to liberate South
America and establish Gran Colombia, and thus
make himself into the “George Washington” of
Latin America, ultimately proved too ambitious.
Simon Bolivar
Revolution
How was the Mexican Revolution indicative of
the basic conflict plaguing all of Latin America?
Revolution
How was the Mexican Revolution indicative of
the basic conflict plaguing all of Latin America?
It was basically a struggle over the inequities
of land distribution – a fight between the
wealthy few owning land and the many
landless peasants.
Revolution
Explain how the women’s rights movement
progressed over the 19th century.
Revolution
Explain how the women’s rights movement progressed
over the 19th century.
After playing significant roles in the American and
French revolutions, women reformers argued that
the Enlightenment ideals of liberty and equality
should apply to women as well as men. Major
reform – such as suffrage – did not come until after
World War I, however.
Nationalism
What were arguably the two most notable
examples of nationalism during the 19th century?
Nationalism
What were arguably the two most notable
examples of nationalism during the 19th century?
The unification of Germany and Italy
Nationalism
Name the prime minister of Germany who –
with his “blood and iron” policies and mastery
of Realpolitik – orchestrated the unification of
Germany.
Nationalism
Name the prime minister of Germany who –
with his “blood and iron” policies and mastery
of Realpolitik – orchestrated the unification of
Germany.
Otto von Bismarck
Nationalism
What nationalist sentiment, kick-started in the
late 19th century by journalist Theodor Herzl,
sought to establish a home for Jewish people in
Palestine as the best way to counteract antiSemetism?
Nationalism
What nationalist sentiment, kick-started in the
late 19th century by journalist Theodor Herzl,
sought to establish a home for Jewish people in
Palestine as the best way to counteract antiSemetism?
Zionism
Nationalism
What event took place in 1814-1815 that was
designed to dismantle Napoleon’s empire, return
sovereignty to Europe’s royal powers and create
a diplomatic order based on the balance of
power?
Nationalism
What event took place in 1814-1815 that was
designed to dismantle Napoleon’s empire, return
sovereignty to Europe’s royal powers and create
a diplomatic order based on the balance of
power?
The Congress of Vienna
Migration
Approximately 50 million Europeans migrated
to other regions of the world during the 19th and
early 20th centuries. From where in Europe did
most come, and to where in the world did most
go?
Migration
Approximately 50 million Europeans migrated
to other regions of the world during the 19th and
early 20th centuries. From where in Europe did
most come, and to where in the world did most
go?
From:
To:
southern and eastern Europe
the United States
Migration
What countries and regions supplied the
majority of indentured laborers, who were
needed in tropical and subtropical zones to
replace emancipated slaves on plantations?
Migration
What countries and regions supplied the
majority of indentured laborers, who were
needed in tropical and subtropical zones to
replace emancipated slaves on plantations?
India supplied the most, but many also
came from China, Japan, Java, Africa and
Oceania.
Migration
Migrants often created ______ ________,
which helped transplant their culture into new
environments and facilitated the development of
migrant support networks.
Migration
Migrants often created ethnic enclaves, which
helped transplant their culture into new
environments and facilitated the development of
migrant support networks.
Migration
What work did Chinese “coolies,” or indentured
servants, perform during the 19th century off the
coast of Peru, where ships from around the
world would come to fill their holds?
Migration
What work did Chinese “coolies,” or indentured
servants, perform during the 19th century off the
coast of Peru, where ships from around the
world would come to fill their holds?
Shoveling bird poop, the pointy-headed term
for which is guano
Migration
Settler colonies were established by Europeans
where in the 19th century?
Migration
Settler colonies were established by Europeans
where in the 19th century?
Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Argentina
and South Africa