Transcript Unification of Italy - Mr. Mac`s Virtual Existence

Nation Building
• The desire of a group of people united by language, religion,
culture to form a nation
• The need/want for unity in Italy stemmed from the French
Revolution
• Under Napoleon Italy was combined into larger states
• (unlike the first map you have completed)
• Growing nationalist sentiment in Italy after tasting unification
• Apennine Mountains separated East and West
• Po river divided North and South
• Pope wanted control of the Papal States
• Unwilling to give up land
• Other states could not agree on who would lead the nation
• Lack of a strong leader or royal blood
• Common disagreement between all states
• Other European nations did not want a strong Italy
• Feared its power as a full nation
• Some European nations had control over Italian states
• Austria: Northern Italy
• Spain: Western Italy
• Prime Minister or Sardinia
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Brilliant Economist
Controlled 20 percent of the population of “Italy”
27 percent of exports
Built canals, reformed trade and land use
• First successful leader of unification
• Knew he needed outside help to rid Italy of foreign rule
• Sardinia (under Cavour) joined Britain and France in their war
against Russia
• Sardinia (under Cavour) joined Britain and France in their war
against Russia
• War was fought over territories in the declining Ottoman Empire
• (Turkish Islamic Empire)
• Sardinia (under Cavour) joined Britain and France in their war
against Russia
• War was fought over territories in the declining Ottoman Empire
• (Turkish Islamic Empire)
• Because Sardinia helped with the war they received favour
from France
• Cavour sows nationalists discontent in Lombardy
• Eventually riots and rebellions break out
• Austria declares war and sends troops to attack Lombardy
• French send troops to aid Sardinia
• Make a deal to aid Sardinia in return for Savoy and Nice
• Austrians driven out of Lombardy
• The states of Tuscany, Modena, Parma, and the Papal province
of Romagna all begin to move towards Sardinia
• Held plebiscites (popular votes) deciding whether to join
Sardinia
• By 1860 All of Northern Italy except Venetia belongs to
Cavour and Sardinia
• Nationalism
• Nationalist sentiment growing in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
• Ruled by the Bourbon House of Spain
• Dashing military commander who wanted nothing less than a
completely unified Italy
• In 1860 formed a 1000 man volunteer army called the “Red
Shirts”
• Had “unofficial” approval from Sardinia
• Attacks the kingdom of the Two Sicilies
• Aimed to drive out the Bourbon rulers
• Garibaldi and the Red Shirts land on the island of Sicily and
conquer it in a daring campaign
• They then sail to the mainland and thump the Bourbon forces
there
• He then turns his army north to the Papal States in the middle
• Cavour intercedes with a Sardinian army
• Worried that attacking the pope would anger the French who is under
their protection
• Convinces Garibaldi to turn over Sicily and Naples to Sardinia
• By the end of 1860 Cavour controls all of “Italy” proper
except: Venetia and Rome
• In 1861 parliament representing all of the controlled territories
meets and proclaims Victor Emmanuel (the king of Sardinia) the
King of Italy
• Side note: 3 months later, just as the unification is about complete Cavour
dies. Suck.
• In 1866 Italy joins Prussia in a war against Austria
• Austria loses and cedes Venetia to Italy
• In 1870 Prussia and France go to war and France withdraws its
troops from Rome, leaving her undefended
• Italians enter the city and a vote is held vote for annexation to Italy
• complete