Transcript Pd. 2 French Rev. Notes Final

Debt from Wars
Debt from King’s extravagance
Interest payments ½ tax revenue
Tax structure problems
Change necessary soon
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Unfair class system
Enlightenment ideas
Louis XVI’s leadership skills
A strong economy
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Last called in 1614
Legislative body in an Absolute Monarchy
Meeting at Versailles’ palace
Each Estate gets one vote
May 5th, 1789
Third Estate won’t cooperate; knows result
Meets in Tennis Court
King offers two votes to Third Estate
Third rejects King’s offer
King closes the Estates General to the 3rd Estate
June 17th, 1789
June 20th, 1789
Three Estates meet
Form National Assembly
All Three Estates represented
Question format of Assembly
National Assembly vows to make change
Vow taken in Tennis Court
Will not disband until Constitution is created
King’s Prison in downtown Paris
Symbol of King’s power and control
Crowds of 3rd Estate members attack
Free prisoners and gain weapons
Rumors of violence against peasants
Untrue Rumors
Violence caused against Manor houses
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March on Versailles
Estates General
Tennis Court Oath
Storming of the Bastille
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The king granted women the
right to vote.
French citizens claimed their
natural rights.
The king raised taxes to pay
off the public debt.
French citizens supported
the king against the nobles
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August 1789
Weakened the King’s power when he rejected it
The King refused to sign the Declaration
Stated the major principals the peasants wanted
Incorporated the ideas of the Enlightenment
Guaranteed natural rights such as freedom of speech,
limited arbitrary arrest and punishment
Women marched to Versailles due to the refusal of the
Declaration of Rights of Man and the Citizen
October 1789
Angry Mob of Women attack the King’s Palace
King listens to women’s request, moves to Paris with
family
Women wanted lower food prices and the king to show
support for the National Assembly
Made the Clergy be elected and not appointed by the
Pope
National Assembly voted to take the land held by the
Church and sell it.
1791
Pope Pius VI condemned the Revolution
Created a deep rift between the Church and the People
Weakened the power of the Church
Created two churches: one loyal to Rome and one loyal
to France
Unicameral Legislature chosen by voters
Divided between Royalists (supported the King) and
Radicals (supported the Revolution)
Not popular with the people
Kept the Monarchy
Only males could vote in this government
King Louis XVI and his wife Marie Antoinette left
Paris in costume
Tried to escape to Austria where the Queen was from;
her brother was the Emperor of Austria
Spotted by a road block near the border in Varennes
and arrested
Returned to Paris and Louis accepted the limited
monarchy proposed by the National Assembly
1792
1792
France declares war on Austria
Austria supported by Prussia and Silesia, monarchies
to their east.
France declares war so they can get a jump on the other
countries who seem ready to declare war on them
1792
 Austrians/Prussians/Silesians vs. French
Revolutionaries or Monarchists vs. Revolutionaries
Victory for the French
Boosted the spirits of the Revolutionaries
Saved the Revolution for the time being
National Convention created a new Government for
France; a Republic/Democracy
National Convention meets: 1792-1795
Replaced the Monarchy with a democratic Constitution
Started a new era of freedom: constitution, calendar,
borders.
All newness based on Natural: rights, borders,
calendar, etc.
Day One, Year One= Sept. 22, 1792
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They called for the fall of
the absolute monarchy.
They encouraged the
conquests of Napoleon.
They fought to maintain
France’s colonial empire.
They supported the
combination of church and
state
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Tried December 1792, Executed January 1793
Convicted for Conspiring against the “Liberty of the
Nation”
A large box of letters he had written to foreign
monarchs was the incriminating evidence.
King is a symbol of oppression
People were joyous after his death
Created to direct war effort
Formed by the National Assembly
Set up the Republic of Virtue which was the Jacobins
answer to the democratic republic
Ruled France after the King
Led by Maximilien de Robespierre
July 1793-July 1794
Caused by the Jacobins wanting power
40,000 died/85% were merchants, laborers and
peasants using the Guillotine
Attempted to sort those in favor of the Revolution from
those who were not.
Jacobins: radical extremists who wanted to change
everything about France; hostile
1795- Replaces the Constitution of 1791
Only citizens who owned property could vote
Sets up the Directory (Executive branch with 5
directors)
Brought into effect by wealthy middle class citizens
The Gap between the rich and poor grows larger
Rules with a Bicameral Legislature and a Five Director
Executive Branch
Completely ineffective
1795-1799
Corrupt Leadership
Revolutionary government was on the brink of
Bankruptcy
French people of all classes looked to the power of the
army to save France from ruin
First he sets up a Consulate
Overthrows the Directory in 1799
Replaced elected officials with men he appointed
himself.
There are three Consuls; Napoleon names himself the
First Consul and concentrates the power in his own
hands.
1802
Approved by a Plebiscite or a popular vote
1804
Had the support of most people of France
Restoring order; financially, thru education, militarily
Created the Bank of France
Required all citizens to pay taxes
From a democracy to an Empire in 5 years (17991804)
Financial situation brought inflation and high prices
under control
Wrote the Napoleonic Code with Enlightenment ideas
of Natural Law
Clear as opposed to those of the past
Women lost many rights that they had received during
the Revolution
Placed the State over the Individual
Educated people get more rights
Limited the Freedom of Speech and Press
Allowed censorship of printed material
Catholicism was the religion of the majority of French
People
Allowed for Religious toleration
Deal made with Napoleon and Pope Pius VII
Pope gives up Church land and in return Government
of France pays the Clergy
Off the southern Coast of Spain
October 1805
French defeat
Stopped the possibility of a French Invasion into Great
Britain
Made the necessity of the Continental System
Napoleon ordered all European Nations he had
conquered to stop trading with the British
Britain responded to the trade blockade with a counterthreat: any ship on it’s way to a European port had
to stop in Britain first
France responded that they would seize any ship which
stopped at a British port
This led to conflicts with other “outside countries”
Russia needs to withdraw from the Continental
System, they can’t make ends meet without trading
with Britain
Napoleon is outraged
Launches a suicide mission in May of 1812
Russians launch a “scorched earth” plan; knowing that
his army is on it’s way, they set supplies on fire and
then retreat.
The attack was a failure
After his return to France, he is forced to abdicate (give
up his Emperor-ship) and exiled to a small island off
the coast of Italy called Elba.
The boundires of France were reduced to those of 1792
Napoleon returnes to France in March 1815 and gains
France’s support
Napoleon raises an army
In June 1815, the French troops are defeated by a
combined force of British, Dutch, Prussians and
Austrians
European Monarchs feared that the would regain
strength and defeated him once and for all
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After losing at Waterloo, Napoleon was exiled there
in 1815
 St. Helena is located in the South Atlantic
 He died there under house arrest in 1821
Sept 1814 to June 1815
Meet in Vienna, Austria
Attended by all European Nations delgates
The Big Four (Britain, Russia, Austria and France)
attempt to establish European Stability
Guided by three principals:
Restoration: restoring the Absolute Monarchs to the
their thrones
Reparation: the countries of Europe should be repaid
for their expenses incurred while fighting France
Balance of Power: No country should be able to
dominate Continental Europe
Neutral Territories around France
Attempting to keep France from undermining the rulers
of neighboring countries
Other rules didn’t want France’s type of rule to spread
to their countries
Austrian Netherlands, Dutch Netherlands become one
country between France and Prussia
Reactionaries people who opposed change and wanted
to return to the way it was
Liberals- accepted the ideas of the Enlightenment and
the results of the French Revolution. Believed in
democratic reforms and individual freedoms
Alliances are the promise of one country to help
another in the alliance
Alliances were called Quadruple Alliance: Great
Britain, Austria, Prussia and Russia
Concluded the alliance in 1815
France was admitted three years later
Alliances were in place to prevent democratic
revolution
The Meetings of the Alliances were called the Concert
of Europe and helped European countries avoid
conflicts like the Napoleonic Wars
Metternich achieved his political goals in opposing
Liberalism and Nationalism as well as defending the
Absolute Monarchies of Europe
The idea of the people controlling their countries and
not the Kings was not eliminated by the Metternich
System
In Germany, students rose up against the government
In Spain, the Absolute Monarch was forced to accept a
constitution
In Greece the people won their independence from
Turkey in 1829
The ideas of the French Revolution lived on!