Transcript Quarterly Exam Review

– The strong central governments and thriving economies
of industrialized nations gave them the confidence to
expand through imperialism.
– Identify three motiving factors for European
countries that led them to try and spread
their influence over Asia and Africa.
Quarterly Test Review
Test Review
Enlightenment
• Ideas opposed absolute monarchy
• Influenced by the Scientific Revolutions
use of reason and natural law
• John Locke believed all people had
natural rights of Life, Liberty, and
property; gov’t protects peoples basic
rights and if not can be overthrown;
influenced Jefferson and the writing of
the Declaration of Independence
Enlightenment
• Montesquieu: separation o powers and 3
branches of government
• Voltaire: Freedom of speech and press;
religious freedom and toleration
• Rousseau: supported the statement that
all men are created equal; people make
agreement to follow the “general will”
1. According to John Locke, the chief
role of government was to:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Protect natural rights
Fight territorial wars
Ensure the wealth of citizens
Redistribute land
2. Which idea became a central belief
of the Enlightenment?
A. The use of reason would lead to human
progress.
B. Mathematics could be used to solve all
human problems.
C. The ancient Romans had the best form of
government.
D. People should give up their natural rights
to their rulers.
3. Locke’s Two Treatises of
Government, Rousseau’s The Social
Contract, and Montesquieu’s The
Spirit of the Laws were works
written during which time period?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Middle Ages
Renaissance
Enlightenment
Reformation
4. Philosophers of the Enlightenment
period believed that society could
best be improved by:
A. relying on faith and divine right
B. borrowing ideas from ancient Greece and
Rome
C. applying reason and the laws of nature
D. studying the practices of successful
leaders ruling cities of 100,000 to
300,000 people
5. The ideas of Rousseau, Voltaire, and
Montesquieu most influenced:
A. the growing power of priests in the Roman
Catholic Church
B. improvements in the working conditions of
factory workers
C. the rise of industrial capitalism
D. movements for political reform
6. The Enlightenment philosophers
believed that the power of
government is derived from:
A.
B.
C.
D.
divine right ruler
the middle class
a strong military
those who are governed
Causes of the French Revolution
• The wars and debt of Louis XIV
• Weak leadership of Louis XVI
• inequalities in the tax structure
– Third Estate paid ALL the taxes, First and
Second paid no taxes
• Inspired by the American Revolution
and Enlightenment
Robespierre and the Reign of Terror
• After a few years of an unstable gov’t
the radical Jacobin Club comes to power
• Robespierre and other radicals started
Reign of Terror
– Committee of Public Safety
– purged and violently killed his opponents
(anti-revolutionaries)
• Reign of Terror ended after
Robespierre’s death
Napoleon
• Nationalist leader that provided stability for France
• Created the Napoleonic Code-codified laws of
France; included enlightenment ideas but limited
some freedoms
• Expanded the French Empire (1799-1815) with the
Napoleonic Wars
• Continental System-countries could not trade with
Britain
• Finally defeated in Russia because of the harsh
winter and large size
• loss at the Battle of Waterloo ended the Age of
Napoleon
• Followed by the Congress of Vienna
• Increased Nationalism and spread ideals of the
revolution through Europe
1. What was a major cause of the
French Revolution?
A.
B.
C.
D.
inequalities in the tax structure
economic success of mercantilism
failure of the Congress of Vienna
Continental System in Europe
2. Which factors protected Russia from
control by Napoleon’s army?
A.
B.
C.
D.
religious and cultural similarities
industrialization and modernization
geographic size and location
political and economic instability
3. Which geographic factor in Russia
played a role in Napoleon’s defeat in
1812 and Hitler’s defeat at
Stalingrad in 1943?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Siberian tundra
Caspian Sea
arid land
harsh climate
4. Which description most accurately
describes the Reign of Terror
A. limited the power of absolute leaders
B. illustrated the power of public opinion in
forming national policy
C. established social stability and economic
growth
D. used violent methods to eliminate their
opponents
5.Which document created during the
French Revolution expressed reflected
enlightenment ideas of natural law?
A. The Magna Carta
B. The Petition of Right
C. The Declaration of Rights of Man and
Citizen
D. The Declaration of Independence
6. Which European ruler was most
responsible for stirring nationalistic
feelings across Europe and Latin
America
A.
B.
C.
D.
King Louis XVI
George Washington
Czar Alexander II
Napoleon
Latin American Revolutions
• Enlightenment and revolutionary ideas
spread from Europe and the United
States to Latin America
• Inspired by the American and French
Revolutions
• Enlightenment ideas
• Nationalistic feelings
Latin American Revolutionary
Leaders
• Lead liberation movements in their
countries
• Encouraged nationalistic feelings within
their countries
• Haiti- Toussaint L’ Ouverture
• South America- Simon Bolivar
• South America- Jose de San Martin
• Mexico-Miguel Hidalgo
1) Simon Bolivar, Jose de San Martin,
and Toussaint L’ Ouverture are best
known as:
A. Scientists who supported the heliocentric
theory
B. Leaders of the Latin American
Independence movements
C. Early Spanish explorers
D. Communist leaders of the 19th century
2) The Enlightenment and the American
Revolution were both major influences
on 19th century uprisings in:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Latin America
The Middle East
Austria
Japan
Congress of Vienna/
Nationalism Matching
Nation State- I
Zollverein-G
Sovereignty-E
Autonomy-A
The Sick Man of
Europe-B
• Blood and Iron-F
• Liberalism-C
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Self Determination-K
Conservatism-J
Balkans-D
Kaiser-H
Usually
nobles &
wealthy
landowners
Conservatism
Set of
beliefs that
wanted to
preserve
traditional
ways
Educated
middle class
and
merchants
Saw
Congress of
Vienna as a
success
Supported
traditional
monarchs
European
Ideologies
strong
nationalistic
feelings
Liberalism
Opposed to
the power
of monarchs
Supported
Democratic
reforms
Successful
Unsuccessful
Liberalism
New
Revolutions in
Europe
Nationalism
1830
France
Greece
Belgium
Italy
Germany
1848
France
Austria
Italy
Germany
Goals
Prevent future French
aggression
To return France and
Europe to the way it was
before Napoleon
Protect the new system
and prevent future wars
Actions
Strengthen countries around France
Re-drew boundaries of Europe
Restored European monarchs to their
thrones
Created the Concert of Europe: an
organization to maintain peace
Revolutionaries
angered by
restoration of
monarchies
Restored
European
monarchs
Revolutions
develop
within
European
nations
Impact
of the
Congress
of Vienna
Maintained
peace
between
European
nations
Redrew
European
borders
Nationalism
grows in
areas under
foreign
control
Sources of
Nationalism
in Europe
French
Revolution and
War
Strong sense
of national
unity in
France
Napoleon &
Napoleonic
Wars
Increased
nationalism
among people
conquered by
Napoleon
Congress of
Vienna
Nationalism
among people
placed under
foreign rule
Prince
Metternich
Austria
Giuseppe
Mazzini
Camillo
Cavour
Italy
Italy
Germany
Leader of the nationalist Red Shirts;
gained control of Southern Italy; United
S. Italy with N. Italy
Leader of German Unification movement;
master of realpolitik, developed “Blood
and Iron” policy
Nationalism
• Nationalism can be
a unifying force
• Nationalism can be
a force that
separates
• Unified people of a
similar heritage
Tensions between
different groups of
people lead to conflicts
which divide an empire
Italy
Germany
Austrian
Empire
Ottoman
Empire
Laissez Faire
Karl Marx
Competition
Command
Economy
Adam Smith
Laissez Faire
Government
ownership
Private
Ownership
Proletariat
Revolution
Free Market
Laws of Supply
and Demand
Capitalism
exploits the poor
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