Transcript Imperialism In Ireland, Canada, New Zealand & Australia

Imperialism In
Ireland, Canada,
New Zealand &
Australia
-The domination, industrialization, rebellion
and liberation of four British colonies.
The colonization of New Zealand and
Australia:
 New
Zealand and Australia were discovered in the years of
1769 and 1770 respectively, both by the famed British
captain, James Cook.
 The
indigenous peoples of New Zealand-known as the
Maori- had been living there for nearly a millennia.
 The British eventually established a friendly and consistent
relationship with the Maori after Cook’s encounter. This,
however did not last, as the British were quick to push
their religion on the Maori and take their land away from
them
 In
1839, the British settlers in New Zealand motioned an
appropriation of the islands in their entirety in the form of
a treaty, which was signed a year later.
 After negotiations, the Maori seemingly bowed their heads,
They accepted British rule in exchange for recognition of
their land rights. This however, did not last.




The Maori did not accept these acts gracefully, they fought with
British over control of their land between 1845 and 1872, eventually
being subdued by the foreign disease and advanced weaponry of
the British.
After some conflict in the early 1850’s, New Zealand eventually
became self-governing and created parliamentary forms of
government.
In 1893, New Zealand became the first country to give voting rights
to women-although only to white women.
In the early 1900’s, New Zealand became an official dominion of the
British Crown.
Australia:



Upon finding Australia, Cook declared it to be uninhabited. The
Aboriginals, however, whom are one of the longest surviving
cultures in the world, were living there.
Britain began colonizing Australia in 1788, using it as a penal
colony for convicted criminals to remedy to severe over
population of prisons on Britain.
After serving their sentence and being freed, prisoners could return
home, or buy land and settle there in Australia
 The
promise of vacant, spacious land attracted many
British settlers who claimed land right along side the
former felons and convicts.
 These new settlers began experimenting with breeding
different verities and breeds of sheep, eventually resulting
in an advanced species which produced an extremely high
quality wool, proving to be a lucrative export.
 The low prices of land coupled with the gold rush in 1851
resulted in a substantial increase of population far more
rapid than that of New Zealand.
 The
Colonists of Australia wanted self rule and succeeded
in creating its own government at relatively the same
time as New Zealand. In 1901, the Australian colonies were
united under a federal constitution as the Commonwealth of
Australia.
Interesting Facts Involving Australia and
New Zealand:
A gold rush began in
Australia in the early 1850s,
and the Eureka Stockade
rebellion against mining
license fees in 1854 was an
early expression of civil
disobedience.
Upon discovering and mapping
the east Australian coast, Cook
named it New South Whales.
The first Europeans known to have
The first human habitation of
Australia is estimated to have
occurred between 42,000 and 48,000
years ago.
reached New Zealand were led by Abel
Janszoon Tasman, who sailed up the west
coasts of the South and North Islands in
1642.
Canada:



Canada was originally populated by native American Indians. The
first attempt at European colonization was by France in the 1600’s
and 1700’s which was fairly peaceful. Fur Trappers and
Missionaries who coexisted, even intermarried with the natives.
After the French & Indian war, Britain took control of Canada in
1763.
Over time, the British and Many more English speaking colonists
populated Canada, both sparsely and densely populated in areas
such as the Atlantic seaboard.
 It
was not long before conflict stirred between the
remaining French and the newly settled English-speaking
colonists. In this instance, the dispute was stirred over
differing religions.
 Both groups pressed Britain for a greater voice in
governing their own affairs. Britain tried to remedy this
problem through separation and equal division of the
territory into two halves. Upper Canada for the English and
Lower Canada for the French.
 Each province elected its own official assembly.
 The
separation had seemingly worked, and each individual
group appeared content amongst themselves. However, in
the early 1800’s, both colonies began demanding political
and economic reforms.
 The French flat out refused to remain under British rule
which only fueled the demands.
 Rebellions began to break out in both Lower and Upper
Canada during the late 1830’s which incurred investigations
from Britain. They sent a statesman-Lord Durham-to
inspect.



In 1839, after a short while in the colonies, Durham send back a
report to parliament, urging them reunite Upper and Lower Canada
as the Province of Canada. In doing so, Britain could slowly
integrate the French into the stronger English culture.
It was widely believed at this point that Canada badly needed
central government to better protect its interests and extensive
territory.
In 1867, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick joined the Province of
Canada for the Dominion of Canada, effectively making Canada selfgoverning in domestic affairs while still remaining part of the
British Empire.
 Canada
began purchasing land and expanding westward
under order of John MacDonald-Canada’s first prime
minister.
 They persuaded frontier territories to join the union and
aid their cause
 By 1871, they had stretched all the way to the Pacific
Ocean.
 MacDonald began construction on a transcontinental
railroad in 1885.
Ireland:
 English Expansion into Ireland: 1100’s
 Pope granted control of Ireland to English King
 England In the 1500’s and 1600’s limited rights of Catholics
and favored the Protestants and the English language.
 Catholics wanted to be emancipated, so they passed an act in
1829 to do this.
► Ireland
soon grew hungry for independence
as they simultaneously wanted home rule.
► The
► In
British didn’t grant either suggestions.
conclusion, most Protestants lived in
northern Ireland – Ulster.
► Soon
Irish nationalists rebelled in Dublin in
1916.
► Nationalists formed an underground
organization and declared themselves
independent.
► The IRA (Irish Republican Army) attacked
British officials.
► Britain divided in 1921 into north and south.
1769 &1770: James Cook
Claimed New Zealand and
Australia as British
territory, respectively.
1788: British began
colonizing Australia.
1867: Nova Scotia and New Brunswick joined the
Province of Canada to form the Dominion of
Canada.
1839: MacDonald
recommends the union
of the two Canadas.
1920
1720
1839: The Maori sign a
treaty accepting British
rule.
1791: British Parliament tries to
resolve dispute by creating Upper
and Lower Canada
1885: Construction on the first
transcontinental railroad is complete.
1763: Britain takes control of Canadian territory after
beating France in the French & Indian War.