Transcript Treaty of St. Germaine

Treaty of SaintGermain-en-Laye
Eleni, Mariam & Yianni
The Austro-Hungarian Empire played the role of a catalyst in World War I.
They declared war on Serbia after their heir, the Archduke Franz Ferdinand,
was assassinated in 1914. Germany agreed to support them and after a
series of events, it escalated into World War I, where the Austro-Hungarian
Empire was a part of the Triple Entente, alongside Germany, and Italy.
Autumn 1918 - The Austro-Hungarian monarchy collapsed.
As the war started to turn against the central powers, the people of Austria-Hungary
lost their faith in their allies. Before the armistice was signed declaring the end of the
war, radical nationalism led to several areas, including Austria, pressing for
independence in Austria-Hungary.
Austria declared themselves a democratic republic on the 12th
November 1918.
The Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye was signed on the 10th September 1919 by the
allies and the new Republic of Austria.
It demanded that:
• The Austro-Hungarian Empire was to be dissolved
• The independence of Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Poland, and the state of
Slovenes, Croats and Serbs, was to be recognised.
• War reparations were to be paid to the allies.
• Considerable amounts of land was lost to Czechoslovakia, Poland, Romania,
Yugoslavia, and Italy. They received Burgenland from Hungary.
• They were forced to cut off any unions with Germany. Not allowed to compromise
their independence. (Their request to be called German Austria was denied.)
• Restricted the armament of Austria -limited to 30,000
The U.S ratified the treaty due to it’s wishes to not commit itself to the League of
Nations.
"In territory outside her frontiers as fixed by the present Treaty Austria
renounces so far as she is concerned all rights, titles and privileges whatever in
or over territory outside Europe which belonged to the former Austro-Hungarian
Monarchy or to its allies, and all rights, titles and privileges whatever their origin
which it held as against the Allied and Associated Powers."
"Austria shall pay in the course of the years 1919, 1920, and the first four months
of 1921, in such instalments and in such manner (whether in gold, commodities,
ships, securities or otherwise) as the Reparation Commission may lay down, a
reasonable sum which shall be determined by the Commission. Out of this sum
the expenses of the armies of occupation subsequent to the Armistice of 3
November 1918 shall first be met, and such supplies of food and raw materials
as may be judged by the Governments of the Principal Allied and Associated
Powers essential to enable Austria to meet her obligations for reparation may
also, with the approval of the said Governments, be paid for out of the above
sum. The balance shall be reckoned towards the liquidation of the amount due
for reparation. Austria shall further deposit bonds as prescribed in paragraph
12(c) of Annex II hereto."
Political Outcomes
• The Treaty of St Germaine gave freedom to countries
such as Poland,Yugoslavia, and Czechoslovakia.
• Some of the land which Austria had occupied, was
taken and given to Italy after the war.
• The Dalmation Islands as well as some other land
masses from Trentino, South Tyrol, Trieste and
Istria, were given to Italy as well.
• Austria received some land from Hungary
• Austria also couldn't join forces with Germany to
become German Austria.
Economic Outcomes
•
Inflation devalued the Austrian
currency.
• In 1922 they were granted a loan
from the League of Nations.
• The great loss of land also added to
Austria's economic weakness.
• Their economic weakness is a prime
reason as to why they later agreed to
a political union (anschluss) with Nazi
Germany.
Military outcomes
• The treaty forced Austria to demobilize its
troops.
• They were prohibited from having any air
force
• The Austro-Hungarian navy was split.
• Their "long-term" military service was
limited and they were only allowed to have
30,000 soldiers.
Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye
"PARIS, Sept. 10.--Another fragment of the great
world war was broken off and thrown into the discard
of evil things today when Austria, which began it all,
signed in the person of the lone Karl Renner the
peace treaty with her twentyseven enemies minus
two."
The headlines in an American
newspaper, 1919.
Other countries formed in this treaty
Hungary
• Hungary is separated in a different treaty, the Treaty of Saint
Trianon.
• They split from Austria and they were not allowed to have any
relations with them or Germany.
• Population was mixed Austrian-Hungary
• For economical information, look at the treaty of Saint Trianon.
• they also got Burgen land from Austria
Czechoslovakia
• Border germany, Austria, Hungary and Poland
• Land taken from Austria Hungary but
Hitler considers it Germany land therefore decides to
take it back leading to world war 2.
• when Czechoslovakia was formed, around 3
million German speaking "Sudetens" (ethnic
Germans) along with other German speaking
Austrians.
• They had issues because people from Germany and
Austria where stuck in a new country. Separated from
their ethnicity.
• People might have not liked it but there
was nothing they could do.
Assessments of the treaty
• Lloyd George wanted to find out what more he could get
out of the treaty, and what would be best for Britain.
• Clemenceau wanted to get more of the treaty and make
things more strict against Austria
• Wilson wanted to give parts of Austria freedom, so the
country was split up, and given freedom, to which America
could now trade. America was satisfied with the treaty.
• Austria at the loss of the empire is not satisfied with the
outcomes of this treaty.
MLA Sources
• "The Treaty Of St. Germain." History Learning Site. Web. 23 Jan. 2012.
<http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/treaty-st-germain.htm>
• "Treaty of Saint-Germain." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia
Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2012. Web. 23 Jan.
2012. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/517198/Treaty-ofSaint-Germain>.
•
"The Treaty Of St. Germain." History Learning Site. Web. 23 Jan. 2012.
<http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/treaty-st-germain.htm>.
• CHARLES A. SELDEN. Copyright, 1919, by The New York Times Company. Special
Cable to THE NEW YORK TIMES. September 11, 1919,