Transcript Treaty of Versailles

Treaty of Versailles
Punishment of Germany
• Match Up the opinions of the “Big Three”
in your jotters.
2,000
Breweries
destroyed
300,000
Homes
Destroyed
1,600km
Railway
Destroyed
1,000
Bridges
Blown
up
300,000
Donkeys and
Mules
taken
320,000km
Barbed wire
to pull up
500,000
Cows
taken
War
In France
250million
Cubic metres
Of trenches
To fill
500,000
Sheep
Taken
6,000
Factories
gutted
1600km
Coal-mining
Galleries
destroyed
Public Opinion
• France – Suffered too much to allow the
Germans to be forgiven
• Britain – Also suffered too much to allow the
German to be forgiven
• USA – Had not suffered as they joined the war
late and had small causalities and no fighting
took place in USA
• British & French believed that GERMANY
STARTED THE WAR.
• WANTED REVENGE
Cost of the War.
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What the Government spent
Germany £8,394 Million
Austria-Hungary £4,563 Million
Turkey and Bulgaria £499 Million
Russia £5,021 Million
Great Britain £7,852 Million
France £5,392 Million
Military Loss of Life
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Germany 2,000,000
Russia 1,700,000
France 1,358,000
Austria 1,100,000
Great Britain 761,213
Italy 460,000
Turkey 375,000
British Empire 251,900
USA 114,095
Punishment
• Clemenceau’s victory at the peace talks.
• The American public opinion did not reflect
President Wilson.
• Public opinion would not accept a peace
that did not curb German power.
• The dictated treaty reflected the views of
Clemenceau.
The Terms of the Treaty
• 7th May 1919
• The Germans expected a ‘fair’ treaty and
were shocked by the terms of the treaty.
• However they were in no position to fight
so were forced to sign the treaty.
• The Treaty contained over 200 clauses
Blame
• Germany had to accept the Blame for
starting the war (Clause 231).
• This caused a lot of anger in Germany
He
Started
the War!
They
blame us
for the
war.
ARGGH
Article 231
• Germany accepts the responsibility of
Germany and her allies for causing all the
loss and damage to which the Allied
governments have been subjected as a
consequence of the war imposed upon
them by the aggression of Germany and
her allies.
Reparations
• Germany had to pay £6,600 million (called
Reparations) for the damage done during
the war.
• Article 232 of the Treaty
Article 232
• Germany undertakes that she will make
compensation for all damage done to the
civilian population of the Allied powers and
to their property
German Army
• Limited to 100,000 men
• No Submarines
• No Battleships
• No Military Aircraft
• League of Nations set up to settle
international disputes
• Germany lost all of her colonies and was
banned from forming an alliance with
Austria
Anschluss
• The Anschluss was forbidden.
• This meant that Germany and Austria
were not allowed to unite to form one
country or Alliance.
Loss of land
• Additionally Germany lost 13% of her European
land and 10% of her population.
• The Polish corridor was created to give Poland
access to the Baltic Sea.
Demilitarised Zone
• The Rhineland was demilitarised to
prevent future attack on France or
Belgium.
Questions
• 1. Were the military terms of treaty unfair
to Germany?
• 2. Why was the Anschluss forbidden by
the Treaty of Versailles?
• 3. Why is article 231 of the treaty known
as the War Guilt Clause?
• 4. Were the Allies justified in forcing
Germany to sign Articles 231 and 232 of
the Treaty of Versailles?