Transcript Austro-Hungarian Empire

Austro-Hungarian Empire
Likda Morash, Kelly McKenna, Nam Ong,
Abygael McInnis & Connor Young
A.
ORIGIN
• The monarchy didn’t come into existence until 1867,
however the empire started to come into play in 1804, and
lasted until 1918.
• 1804 = Francis II of the Holy Roman Empire  Francis I,
emperor of Austria.
• Hofburg Imperial Palace,
Vienna was the place where
the Habsburg dynasty
ruled Austria
• Habsburgs = immense amount
of political power in Western
and Central Europe.
• Hungary was part of the Habsburg
dynasty for 5 centuries
Austrian Coat of Arms
• Hungary was part of the Habsburg dynasty for 5
centuries.
• Acquired their dynastic devices by fortunate
marriage.
• Ferdinand Habsburg married Vladislav II’s
daughter Anne.
• Ferdinands sister married Vladislav’s son, Louis II
• Louis II died at battle, making Ferdinand next to
the throne.
• Habsburgs = most powerful political house in
Central Europe from 1526 to 1918
Hungarian Flag
B.
AUSGLEICH OF
1867
• The Ausgleich of 1867 was signed on February 8 1867
• The purpose of the Ausgleich, which is German for
compromise, was to give Hungary equal status with
Austria.
• The king of Hungary would be the same man as the
emperor of Austria
• Both countries were judged equally
• After years, the Hungarians began to want selfgovernment
• The Austrian- Hungarian empire lasted fifty years
The Civil Ensign; Austro-Hungarian “Flag”
C.
GOVERNING
STRUCTURE
• One head figure – Francis Joseph I (Emperor of
Austria / King of Hungary)
• Both Austria and Hungary have their own individual
constitution and parliament (“Reichsrat” for Austria
and “Diet” for Hungary).
• There was no intervening in other’s affairs.
• Delegates met alternatively in Vienna and Budapest.
• The empire had common ministries for Finance,
Foreign Affair and Military. Both Austrians and
Hungarians were appointed for positions.
Francis Joseph
D.
FOREIGN
AFFAIRS
• Once Napoleon fell in 1814-15, Austria became in
control of the German states (East).
• In 1866 the Austro-Prussian war saw the expulsion of
Austrians from the German Confederation
• Francis Joseph had to bring together his
“heterogeneous empire” (Middle of Europe)
• When the union was made between the two empires it
was NOT by choice.
• There was no chance of Austro-Hungarian Empire
uniting at all with Italy or Germany, so it looked to the
West (Balkans)
• Empire tried to pursue Bosnia and Herzegovina
while they were under the rule of the Ottoman
Empire- RISKY BUSINESS!
• 1878- Austro-Hungarian Empire was granted
occupation to the Bosnia-Herzegovina territory
by the Treaty of Berlin
• 1879- For protection from the Russians, a
German- Austro-Hungarian alliance was created
• Bosnian Crisis
• Austro-Hungarian Empire falls at end of WW1
E.
BOSNIAN CRISIS
•Began 1908 when Austro-Hungry began the annexation of Bosnia which eventually
led to international complications and had the entire continent of Europe on the brink
of war.
•The idea of the annexation was acquire to acquire Bosnia in a formal way by
occupation.
•The annexation of Bosnia began because due to the treaty of Berlin it allowed the
dual monarchy to control Bosnia and Herzegovina.
•Serbia a nearby country of Bosnia and Herzegovina was upset by this act because it
desperately wanted access to the Adriatic but wouldn’t be allowed by Austro Hungry.
•The Serbs protested the agreement because it damaged their economy.
•Austro-Hungry shut these protests down quickly.
•Russia supported an international conference to consider the matter of the Berlin
Treaty.
•Austro-Hungry did not want an international conference it agreed to it as long as its
program was pre decided and agreed upon.
•Russia input a program but Austro-Hungry said that benefits for Serbia should be
economic only.
•Later a settlement was reached in 1909 in which ended the annexation of Bosnia and
Herzegovina.
•The crisis was ended with an Austro-Hungarian victory over Serbia and a German and
Austro-Hungarian victory over Russia.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
•
World monarchies and dynasties. 1st ed. 2005.
•
World Monarchies and Dynasties. 2nd ed. 2005
•
Sowards, Steven. "Lecture 4: Hungary and the limits of Habsburg authority ." Twenty-Five Lectures on
Modern Balkan History. 23 April 2004. 21 Sep 2008
<http://www.lib.msu.edu/sowards/balkan/lecture4.html>.
•
"Austria-Hungary." Britannica. 15th ed. 2003.
•
"Austria-Hungary." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2008. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 20 Sep. 2008
<http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/44386/Austria-Hungary>.
•
http://www.wordreference.com/definition/annexation
•
"Austria-Hungary," Microsoft® Encarta® Online Encyclopedia 2008
http://encarta.msn.com © 1997-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All Rights Reserved.
•
http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/boshtml/bos130.htm