Transcript Kingdoms and Crusades

Kingdoms and Crusades
15.3
I. England in the Middle Ages
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Alfred the Great united the Anglo-Saxon
kingdoms and drove the Vikings out.
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Normandy was an area in western France,
across the English Channel from England.
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“Angleland” or England
William ruled Normandy and invaded England;
Hence William the Conqueror.
William ordered a census. It counted the
people, manors, and the animals in
England.
Normans brought their northern French
customs to England. Cultures merged.
 Henry II was a powerful ruler of England
who created the jury system.
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Grand jury?
Trial jury?
King John, Henry’s son and successor,
angered many royals by raising taxes and
punishing people without
trial
 Nobles met with John
and forced him to sign
the Magna Carta
 What did the
Magna Carta do?
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In the 1200s, King Edward I gathered
representatives from across England to
advise him and help him make laws.
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This gathering was called the Parliament.
Parliament was eventual divided into what two
houses?
How did the jury system protect people?
Philip IV
II. The Kingdom of France
After Charlemagne’s empire was divided, the
western part of the empire became France.
 Frankish nobles chose Hugh Capet to be king
in 987.
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Capetian kings controlled Paris.
Philip II took the throne and warred with
England.
 French society had three classes: clergy,
nobles, and townspeople
 In 1302 King Philip IV met with the three
classes. It was the first meeting of the
Estates-General (parliament).
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III. Eastern Europe and Russia
The Slavs settled villages in Eastern Europe
around A.D. 500.
 The Slavs eventually divided into three major
groups: southern, western, and eastern Slavs.
 In the 700s, Vikings moved into Slav territory.
 Oleg, a Viking ruler, created a Rus state
around the city of Kiev and called the state
Kievan Rus.
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Grand Duke of Kiev was the main ruler.
As the Kievan Rus grew it attracted
missionaries from the Byzantine Empire.
Vladimir, a Rus ruler, married the
Byzantine emperor’s sister and declared
his people Eastern Orthodox.
 Ivan III (the Great) was the grand duke of
Moscow. He married Sophia, the niece of
the last Byzantine emperor. He then
called himself czar.
 Ivan IV ended Mongol rule of Moscow and
expanded its territory.
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IV. The Crusades
During the Middle Ages, Muslim Turks
invaded the Byzantine Empire. Pope Urban
II asked European leaders to capture
Jerusalem.
 Thousands of soldiers captured Jerusalem
in the 1st Crusade, conquering lands along
the way.
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The conquered lands were divided into 4
states.
Muslims fought back and then a 2nd
Crusade took place.
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Saladin, a Muslim, became the ruler of
Egypt.
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France, England and the Holy Roman
Empire banded together to fight a 3rd
Crusade.
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Captured Jerusalem
Europeans lost the 2nd Crusade
Draw
4th Crusade began around 1200. Merchants
used it as an excuse to attack
Constantinople and seize its riches.
Byzantine Empire became weaker.
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6 more crusades took place but little was
accomplished.
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Muslims gradually regained the territory they
lost in the 1st Crusade.
The Crusades helped break down
feudalism and increase trade between the
Middle East and Europe.
Crusade
Dates of Crusade
Crusades Timeline of Events
1096 - 1099
The People's Crusade - Freeing the Holy Lands.
1st Crusade led by Count Raymond IV of
Toulouse and proclaimed by many wandering
preachers, notably Peter the Hermit
1144 -1155
Crusaders prepared to attack Damascus. 2nd
crusade led by Holy Roman Emperor Conrad III
and by King Louis VII of France
Third Crusade
1187 -1192
3rd Crusade led by Richard the Lionheart of
England, Philip II of France, and Holy Roman
Emperor Frederick I. Richard I made a truce
with Saladin
Fourth Crusade
1202 -1204
4th Crusade led by Fulk of Neuil
French/Flemish advanced on Constantinople
The Children's
Crusade
1212
The Children's Crusade led by a French
peasant boy, Stephen of Cloyes
Fifth Crusade
1217 - 1221
The 5th Crusade led by King Andrew II of
Hungary, Duke Leopold VI of Austria, John of
Brienne
Sixth Crusade
1228 - 1229
The 6th Crusade led by Holy Roman Emperor
Frederick II
Seventh Crusade
1248 - 1254
The 7th Crusade led by Louis IX of France
Eighth Crusade
1270
Ninth Crusade
1271 - 1272
First Crusade
Second Crusade
The 8th Crusade led by Louis IX
The 9th Crusade led by Prince Edward (later
Edward I of England)