Transcript Analyze various ways in which the Thirty Years` War represented a

The Thirty-Years War
Presented by: Kyiana Williams
Prompt: Analyze various ways in which the Thirty
Years’ War represented a turning point in European
history.
What you can write: The ways the thirty years war
represented a turning point.
. The Conflict
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In the Holy Roman Empire there was the Peace of Augsburg of 1555.
The Protestant Union established in 1608 and was lead
by Frederick, the elector of the Palatinate.
The Catholics retaliated, thus creating the Catholic League
in 1609, lead by Ferdinand of Styria, the new Catholic
king of Bohemia.
II. The Beginning
• Violence began when Ferdinand the king of Bohemia closed
some Protestant churches.
• For revenge Protestants hurled two of Ferdinand’s officials
from a castle window in Prague.
• These events marked the beginning of the Thirty Years’ War,
they were also referred to as the “defenestration of
Prague”.
III. The War
• The Thirty Years War (16181648)
• Historians divided the war into
four phases:
• (1) First / Bohemia
Phase(1618-1625): civil war
between the Catholic League
and the Protestant Union, it
took place in Bohemia.
–
The Protestants were defeated at
the Battle of White Mountain.
– Prior to his victory Ferdinand was
elected Holy Roman Emperor.
•
(2) Second / Danish Phase (1625-1629): was called the Danish phase
because of the participation of king Christian IV of Denmark.
– The Catholics were scoring smashing victories
because their imperial army was being led by
Albert of Wallenstein
- Albrecht von Wallenstein swept
victories through Silesia, north through
Schleswig and Jutland to the Baltic, and
the east into Pomerania.
- He fought with the Catholic League and
soon the catholic forces divided.
•
(3) Third / Swedish Phase (1630-1635): began with the arrival in Germany of
Swedish King Gustavus Adolphus.
– Cardinal Richelieu the chief minister
of King Louis XIII of
France, subsidized the Swedes hoping
to weaken Habsburg.
– Protestants received a brilliant victory under the guidance of
Adolphus in 1631. Later Adolphus succeeds in a different
battle at lutzen, but he was fatally wounded.
- Gustavus Adolphus died of his wounds in 1632.
- After Adolphus’ death, Sweden suffered a defeat at the Battle of
Nordligen in 1634.
•
(4) Fourth / French / International (1635-1648)
– In 1635 Carinal Richelieu declared war on Spain and sent finances and
soldiers to assist the Swedes and German protestant princes.
– Still with lost of support neither side could defeat the other quickly.
– Since neither sides had an advantage a peace was achieved in Oct.
1648.
V. The Treaty
• Signed at Munster and Osnabruck, the peace of
Westphalia marked a turning point in Europe's political,
religious, and social history.
– The participation of Swedes in the war: Adolphus landing on German
soil to fight the Baltic Empire under Swedish influence proved to be
decisive for the future of Protestantism and later for German history.
– Religious faiths ended
– The treaties recognized the independent authority of more then 3
hundred German Princes
– Since Fredrick II Hohenstaufen, the imperial power (the emperor) had
shared authority with the princes after the the treaty power was severely
limited to the emperors, but the H.R.E. still remained a federation.
The End