Transcript french want pride

FORMING EMPIRES
Motivation for Imperialism
African Trade [15c-17c]
Who’s Looking?
• Livingstone explores southern
part of African continent
– Check out the story of his
exploration in your packet!
• Stanley pursues Livingstone
– Stories inspire others to look into
Africa
• Leopold, other monarchs intrigued
WHY GET AN EMPIRE?
POLITICAL RIVALS
• Key bases for military
• If they get one, I want one
• More economic options
NEW MARKETS
• Industrial Revolution needs fuel
• New foods
• More places to sell to
RELIGION
• Missionaries bring church to “savages”
• Want to change customs and practices
• SUPERIORITY!!!
– Our religion is better than yours!
Social Darwinism
MAP IT!
Use the handout and
maps to outline how
different countries did at
the Berlin Conference!
Slicing Up the “Cake”
The Berlin Conference
1884-1885
I. Major Motivation
A) Several countries claim land along Congo
River through 1870s-1880s
B) Need agreement on land division
II. Results
A) Big Winners
1. Great Britain (duh!)
2. France (What’s the catch?)
3. Germany (What?!)
B) Doing Okay
1. Portugal
2. Belgium
C) Big Losers
1. Italy
2. Spain
Africa in 1914
III. European Results
A) Jealousy
1. GERM jealous of GB
2. FR jealous of GB
3. ITA feels left out
B) Trouble: FRA and GB
1. Morocco and Egypt
2. Fashoda Crisis
3. “Entente Cordiale” (1904)
C) Trouble: GERM
1. Moroccan Crises
2. Anger at other cooperation
GB
FRA
GERM
Above: Europe in 1904
And the People Who Live There?
Resistance to Imperialism
I. Italy
A) Goal
1) Unify Libya and Somaliland
2) Connect Med. Sea and Red Sea
B) Problem
1) Ethiopia modern in many ways
2) Army defeats Italians at Battle of
Adowa (1896)
i.
First African army to beat Euro
army since 200 BC!
SLOGAN?
READ IT!
Check out the reading on King Menelik II of
Ethiopia, one of the Top 5 Baddest Guys in
History.
II. France
A) Goal
1) Unify West Africa and Somaliland
2) Protect Suez Canal, Med. Sea
holdings
B) Problems
1) Decade long fight in Algeria (1830s)
2) Morocco and Muslim Resistance
(1900-1910)
3) Samori Toure and West Africa
SLOGAN?
Whatever happens
we have got
The maxim-gun
and they have not.
-Hilaire Belloc
III. Germany
A) Goal
1) “A Place in the Sun”
2) Connect across southern part of
Africa
B) Problems
1) Extermination of Herero (1904-1907)
2) Maji-Maji rebellion (1905)
SLOGAN?
SHARK ISLAND: AN 80%
DEATH RATE…
Scary Ideas…
Are Germans back then much different than
the Germans we learn about
IV. Great Britain
A) Goal
1. Connect empire N/S, E/W
2. Stay #1 in world
B) Problems
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Want access to Suez
Zulu (1870s)
Boer War (1899-1902)
Mahdi Rebellion
Angering EVERYBODY!
We’re
sorry…
MUSLIM LANDS FALL TO
IMPERIALIST DEMANDS
The Decline of the Ottoman
Empire
– 1699 - Ottoman Empire
reached its peak.
– Empire steadily declined
for next 200 years.
– 1800s - Many territories
won independence and
broke away.
– Other parts of Ottoman
Empire taken away by
other European powers.
Rise of Nationalism
• Nationalist revolts
• Greeks, Serbs, Bulgarians and
Arabs rise up
• Europeans sometimes aid
– Russia = “Big Brother” of Slavs European leaders “divide
the spoils” after the RussoTurkish War
A Shrinking Ottoman Empire
Geopolitics and the Ottoman Empire
• Why so
important?
– Location
– Oil in Persia and
Arabia (after
discovery around
1900).
The Crimean War, 1853-55
• War between Russia and
the Ottoman Empire.
• Russia wants Black Sea.
• Britain and France allied
with Ottomans to block
Russia’s ambitions.
• Russia defeated, but
Ottomans in decline
The Charge of the Light Brigade
by Alfred, Lord Tennyson, 1854
Half a league half a league,
Half a league onward,
All in the valley of Death
Rode the six hundred:
'Forward, the Light Brigade!
Charge for the guns' he said:
Into the valley of Death
Rode the six hundred.
Cannon to right of them,
Cannon to left of them,
Cannon in front of them
Volley'd & thunder'd;
Storm'd at with shot and
shell,
Boldly they rode and well,
Into the jaws of Death,
Into the mouth of Hell
Rode the six hundred...
'Forward, the Light Brigade!'
Was there a man dismay'd ?
Not tho' the soldier knew
The Charge of the Light
Some one had blunder'd:
Brigade was a disastrous charge
Theirs not to make reply,
of British cavalry against
Theirs not to reason why,
Russian forces during the Battle
of Balaklava on October 25,
Theirs but to do & die,
1854
Into the valley of Death
Rode the six hundred.
The Charge of the Light Brigade (1:45)
Florence Nightingale tending British wounded during the Crimean War
Read more about the Crimean War on p. 735 of Earth and
Its Peoples, then tell us…
•What was new regarding journalism in war?
•What role did Nightingale play during the Crimean War?
•How did Mary Seacole help soldiers?
Egypt and the Suez Canal
• Canal connected Red Sea
to the Mediterranean.
• Built with European
(mainly French) $$$
and Egyptian labor.
• Opened to ships in 1869.
• Egypt couldn’t pay huge
debt to European banks.
• British occupied Egypt in
1882 and took control of
canal.
The Suez Canal
Cut trip by two weeks and 4,000 mil
The Suez Canal- “Lifeline of the
Empire”
Suez Canal Today
“The Great Game”:
Britain and Russia Divide Persia
• After oil was discovered in
Persia, British oil companies
were needed to develop oil
fields.
• In 1907 Britain and Russia
divided Persia into separate
spheres of influence.
• British gained control of
Afghanistan, as well.
THE INDIAN QUESTION
Europe Goes to India (1600-1900)
I. British East India Company
A. Founded 1600
B. Slowly colonized India
C. A COMPANY
owning a colony instead
of a COUNTRY???
D. Great resources (cotton, silk, tea, saltpeter)
II. Keeping
Control
A. Army of natives called
Sepoys
B. Sepoy army guards
warehouses
C. British government
stays out of India, lets
BEIC handle everything
CLIP IT!
FOLLOW ALONG WITH THE VIDEO CLIP
TO FIND OUT WHAT’S DIFFERENT
ABOUT THE SITUATION IN INDIA
COMPARED TO OTHER COLONIES…
• How did the British East India Company (BEIC) deal with
threats from outside?
• How many Sepoys joined with the BEIC?
• How did the size and population of the BEIC’s territory
compare to that of Great Britain?
• What kind of people joined the BEIC? How did they try to
fit in with the locals?
III. A New Kind of Life
A. New customs
1) Eliminate caste system?
2) “Traditions”
B. BEIC wants to melt into society
C. Indians start getting frustrated
1) Specialized labor losing jobs
(like UK!!!)
2) Sepoys told to go overseas
3) Gun cartridges covered in
animal fat?
IV. A Wild Card
A. Nana Sahib is Indian
royalty
B. Adopted, so British
don’t want to give
him his pension
C. Nana Sahib starts to
plot overthrow of
British authorities
Trouble Brewing
CHECK OUT THE VIDEO TO FIND
OUT WHAT HAPPENS WHEN YOU
MAKE A NATIVE ARMY ANGRY…
•
•
•
•
•
Why did the Sepoy Rebellion start?
What happened to the Sepoys that revolted?
Why did Nana Sahib hold back initially?
What happened to women under siege?
After the hospital was destroyed in Kanpur, what happened to the
wounded?
• When the British were allowed to leave Kanpur, what did the Indians
do?
• Briefly describe the Massacre at Kanpur.
V. Changes after 1857*
A. Technology
1) Transportation
2) Agricultural advancements
B. Trade
1) India produces more raw material
2) Britain turns into products, sells back to India
C. Society
1) Caste System Melting Pot
2) Sanitation
* These may not be good for your country…
A. GB in charge now
1) No more Mughal/Company rule
B. Indian Civil Service (1858)
VI. Political
Changes
1) Liaison to the common folk
2) Indian members, but test in England?
3) British still racist
C. Indian Nationalism
1) Brahmo Samaj (Rammohun Roy)
a. Meld Western and Indian culture
2) Indian National Congress (1885)
a. No support from commoners, can’t challenge British
There’s a Right Way, and Then
There’s a Wrong Way…
China and Japan Face-Off Against
the West, 1830-1914
A STRUGGLE IN THE EAST
CHINA FROM 1820-1912
NO SEPOYS IN CHINA
• BEIC begins selling opium
to Chinese
• Tens of millions of Chinese
develop addiction
• Chinese government wants
halt on sales
A WAR ON DRUGS
• Opium War between Great
Britain and China 18391842
• British win big
– Wreck China’s Bannermen
• Settled by Treaty of
Nanking
– British get Hong Kong,
sphere of influence
WHY NOT JUST CHANGE?
• Christian missionaries sound off against…
– Foot-binding
– Poverty
– “Godlessness”
• Traditionalists hold back movements
• Many Western spheres of influence add cultural
temptations
PICKING SOME FIGHTS
• Taiping Rebellion (1851-1864)
– Bloodiest civil war in human history (20-30 million
dead)
– “Holy warriors” attempt to make “Kingdom of Heaven”
• Boxer Rebellion (1900)
What a great
time for a
cartoon!
– “Boxers” rebel in spring of 1900
– Despise foreigners, Open Door Policy of 1899
– Multinational force overpowers them in August 1900
WRITING PROMPT
Japan is just across the sea from China. You
must write them a two-paragraph letter
warning them about the dangers of dealing
with Western countries. Paragraph One
should address what Westerners have done to
you. Paragraph Two should tell them what to
do.
POWER IN THE EAST
JAPAN FROM 1850-1910
POR QUE?
• JAPAN HAS ABUNDANT, UNTAPPED
RESOURCES
• GOOD STOPOVER PORT FOR
WHALING, CHINESE TRADE
• WEAK, DECENTRALIZED GOV’T
SURPRISE!!!
• Check out the video and answer the
questions in your packet about Perry’s
arrival in Japan.
GREETINGS, FELLOW
PRIMATES…
• U.S. sails into Edo Bay 1853
• Ultimatum demanding trade with Japanese
• Japan unsure of how to react
WHAT WOULD YOU DO???
THINK ABOUT IT: JAPAN HAS
WITNESSED WHAT HAPPENED TO
CHINA RIGHT NEXT DOOR. SHOULD
THEY A) TRY TO STAND UP TO THE
WESTERNERS AND MAYBE FACE THAT
SAME FATE, OR B) COOPERATE AND
MAYBE PROSPER BUT RISK LOSING
THEIR CULTURE ALONG THE WAY?
GETTING ALONG
• Japan and U.S. sign Treaty of
Kanagawa (1854)
• U.S. gets ports, trade from Japan
• Japan now open to Western
culture
REACT, RESTART
• Japan can’t decide whether or not to
Westernize
• 1867 – Meiji Restoration puts
emperor back on throne
• Japan revamps society
CH-CH-CHANGES
• Japan changes…
Figure 1:
Early Samurai
– SCHOOLS
– SOCIETY (NO SAMURAI)
• MODELED AFTER GERMANY
– MILITARY
• BRITISH, GERMAN INFLUENCES
Figure 2:
Last Samurai
GROWING UP, GROWING OUT
• FIRST SINOJAPANESE WAR (1896)
• RUSSO-JAPANESE
WAR (1904-05)
• ANNEXATION OF
KOREA (1909)
DOING THE RIGHT THING
Who did the right thing? Japan, who
sacrificed their culture for freedom, or
China, who sacrificed freedom for
culture?
Explain using information from the last
two days and today.