Transcript Slide 1
Remaking the West 1870-1900 Motives For Empire, 1880-1914 Political Motives Cultural Motives Economic Motives Take up the White Man's burden-Send forth the best ye breed-Go bind your sons to exile To serve your captives' need; To wait in heavy harness, On fluttered folk and wild-Your new-caught, sullen peoples, Half-devil and half-child. Take up the White Man's burden-In patience to abide, To veil the threat of terror And check the show of pride; By open speech and simple, An hundred times made plain To seek another's profit, And work another's gain. Take up the White Man's burden-The savage wars of peace-Fill full the mouth of Famine And bid the sickness cease; And when your goal is nearest The end for others sought, Watch sloth and heathen Folly Bring all your hopes to nought. Take up the White Man's burden– No tawdry rule of kings, But toil of serf and sweeper-The tale of common things. The ports ye shall not enter, The roads ye shall not tread, Take up the White Man's burden-Go mark them with your living, Have done with childish days-And mark them with your dead. The lightly proferred laurel, Take up the White Man's burden-- The easy, ungrudged praise. Comes now, to search your And reap his old reward: manhood The blame of those ye better, Through all the thankless years The hate of those ye guard-Cold, edged with dear-bought The cry of hosts ye humour wisdom, (Ah, slowly!) toward the light:-"Why brought he us from bondage, The judgment of your peers! Our loved Egyptian night?" Take up the White Man's burden-Ye dare not stoop to less-Nor call too loud on Freedom To cloke your weariness; By all ye cry or whisper, By all ye leave or do, The silent, sullen peoples Shall weigh your gods and you. India and the New British Empire, 1750-1870 More direct method of rule in response to the American Revolution British East India Company Raj and Rebellion, 1857 British Bureaucracy and Elite Institutions Sepoy Mutiny British Government seizes control The Scramble for Africa 1880: Europe controls 10% of African continent 1900: only Ethiopia and Liberia remain independent West Africa France Britain Spain South Africa Britain Belgium Germany Scramble for Africa Bismarck and Imperial powers decide in 1884: Borders of colonial states Who can have what? Methods of control Treatment of indigenous groups Political and Social Ramifications Indigenous Resistance Ethiopia and Italy Disruption of Indigenous life Remaking African Culture “New Imperialism” and Crisis Britain Rhodes and the Transvaal 1896 Boer War, 1899-1902 Spanish American War, 1898 Loses Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Philippines Italy Ethiopia, 1896 “New Imperialism” and Crisis First Moroccan Crisis Wilhelm II in Tangiers, March 1905 The Bosnian Crisis Annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina by Austria-Hungary, October 1908 Serbia seeks aid from Russia, Austria-Hungary from Germany Second Moroccan Crisis German “Panther” sent to port at Agadir, July 1911 Sparks fear in Britain, anger in France France subsequently establishes a full protectorate over Morocco THE GREAT POWERS IN EUROPE Germany Rapid industrialization and modernization after unification Bismarck extends vote to all adult males weakens the middle-classes introduces socialist legislation to pre-empt socialist politicians essentially an authoritarian regime emperor at the helm Parliament/military filled with upper-middle-class, aristocratic leaders brought a new balance of power to the Continent strengthened the cause for imperial ventures THE GREAT POWERS IN EUROPE France French found new competition with/second place power position to Germany difficult Political and cultural conflicts develop, including the Paris Commune, another revolution political division between monarchists and republicans on the national stage THE GREAT POWERS IN EUROPE Great Britain Increased suffrage by 1884 almost all males had the right to vote and could do so democratically Had difficulty extending resources and infrastructure to the empire in both the isles and abroad feared the growing economic strength of the U.S. and Germany in the late 19th Century Russia and Austria-Hungary Both weakened by nationalism very ethnically diverse empires Russia remained economically “backwards” Stays authoritarian Alexander’s successors resist all forms of social change Russia’s weakness (politically, economically, militarily) exposed in Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05 Austro-Hungarian Empire deeply divided along ethnic lines efforts to maintain empire by force in Balkans creates political tension in Russia that would have disastrous effects (the reason for the outbreak of WWI) THE GREAT POWERS IN EUROPE The United States late 19th Century a period of dramatic economic/social growth Immigrants poured into the country, fueling industrialization 40 million between 1880 and 1920 By 1900 is the world’s leading industrial power absence of government intervention and immigration The West Outside of Europe The Challenge of Social Change in the Wider West Immigration Between 1500 and 1760, African slaves had accounted for the vast majority of “immigrants” in the western hemisphere In the 19th Century, Europeans (Irish, German, Italians, Slavs, Russians, and Jews) accounted for the majority of new immigrants Asian immigration increased significantly in the United States Despite the tremendous benefits that immigrants brought, hostility/discrimination toward immigrants increased At best, the “immigrant question” was addressed by state efforts to force immigrants to abandon their own culture and assimilate At worst, immigrants were met with vicious, discriminatory laws and violence (Dawes Act in the U.S., pogroms in Russia and eastern Europe) Uncle Sam’s Lodging House “Can I come in?” …I ‘spose you can; there’s no law to keep you out. American Imperialism Colonial Experiences of “imperialism” Monroe Doctrine-1823 European powers must not meddle in the affairs of any developing nations in the Western Hemisphere 1866-US in Mexico and Latin America 1867-Purchase of Alaska 1898-Annexation of Hawaii 1898-Spanish-American War Cuba Guam Philippines o White-Man’s Burden American Imperialism The United States approached imperialism in several ways: Cultural imperialism Political imperialism Economic imperialism For the documents, assess the following as a group: Which mode of imperialism does each group member’s document(s) represent? What imperial actions is the US engaging in/being accused of? How is US imperialism like/unlike European modes of empire? If your group were to write an essay on American versus European imperialism, what would the main argument be? What would your key pieces of evidence/quotes be? Japan Japan had little contact with the outside world until the 1850s Japanese leaders began embracing western institutional ideas The new Meiji government modeled their system on imperial Germany encourage rapid industrialization Japanese expansion into Asia fueled parallel imperialism in the East Japan subordinate to western claims on Asia forced to give up imperial gains (China) when success threatened western dominance over trade markets The West Outside of Europe