Transcript The Europeans The age of discovery and new imperialism of

The Europeans
The age of discovery and new
imperialism of the Atlantic states.
1492- 1900
Bernice Lin, Katherine Lamb, Hannah
Heyerdahl
Africa
Politics
•When the Dutch gained Cape Town they used the
tip as a stopping-off point for merchant ships
heading to India and China.
•When the Boer War was over (fight between British
and Boers) for the diamonds and gold that was
found, the British now controlled the mines.
•The Europeans didn’t have as much of a culture
shock as expected.
•People in Africa already had urban centers,
governed by elaborate dynasties, organized around
apprenticeship-based artistic guilds and agricultural
systems that could sustain big populations.
Intellectual
The Africans already
had some treatments
for illnesses.
Protective amulets
were considered
medicinally valuable in
both cultures.
Afonso I the Kongo
King was literate and
spoke and wrote in
Portuguese.
Religion
The kings of Kongo
converted to Roman
Catholicism and King
Alfonso (one of the Kings)
was successful in
converting almost all of his
people.
Shared beliefs with
Portuguese about magic
and the supernatural.
Sickness in general was
attributed to witchcraft.
Technology
The Portuguese brought iron and metal goods to
Africa and taught the Africans to melt iron and brass
to make molds and sculptures that depicted their
religion (Christianity).
Economics
The Portuguese
merchants traded with
the kingdom of Kongo.
They traded livestock
and other food
products.
The Portuguese desire
for African slaves to
sell didn’t sit too well
with the kings.
The Portuguese set up
trade centers in
Angola to sell the
slaves.
Society
Made the slaves a new
class among African
society.
The British made the
Africans work in the mines
to get diamonds and gold.
The Africans also had no
right to the treasures they
were digging up.
Art/
Architecture
When the
Kongo Kingdom
converted to
Christianity they
started to make
brass crucifixes
and brass
people holding
the cross in
their hand.
Americas (Latin and north)
Politics
Pope Alexander divided
North America in the Treaty
of Tordesillas giving some
land to Portugal and some to
Spain.
A civil governor served a 4-5
year term in Mexico and was
paid 300-350 pesos from the
Spanish crown.
Pueblo lands were now
protected by the new
government
Intellectual
The Spanish attempted
to teach the Native
Americans their
language.
The Spanish started
mission schools to
attempt to convert
Native Americans so
they would be loyal and
good citizens.
Religion
Set up Catholic Churches in
the Americas.
The Spanish fought with
the French around the
Mississippi River and
because of that the Church
started to loose authority.
Now the church had to
tolerate more of the Pueblo
Religions.
Art/ Architecture
The Spanish built houses in
the Americas. Their houses
had unique features at that
time that distinguished them
from other regions.
Their houses had patios, iron
gating on windows, balconies
and tiles for the roof.
Technology
Spanish Taught the Native
Americans how to use and
Smelt metal goods and
weapons.
The Spanish built royal roads
(Camino Real) where
Spanish missions were
established.
The Spaniards developed
gold and silver mines in the
Americas.
Economics
The Spanish introduced
farming and ranching
bringing livestock
(horses, donkeys, cattle,
sheep, goats and pigs).
Brought lots of plants
and fruits (alfalfa, sugar
cane, wheat and
grapes). Started up
cattle industry and
cowboys and herds men
developed.
Society
New business
opportunities and trade
caused the increase of the
merchant class.
During the year 1500 Pedro
Alvarez Cabral claimed
Brazil for Portugal and
started to import African
slaves to the Americas
creating a slave population.
Society continued
When the Europeans came
over to the Americas, they
gave the native Americans
small pox and the disease
wiped out many tribes.
Slaves had the right to own
property, allowed to work for
themselves in special holidays
and save up money to pay for
their freedom. Slaves also
had access to the courts and
the churches.
Asia (China and India)
Politics
Europeans were able to
establish trade with the
Asian Empires.
British beat the French in
wars and gained control of
India through the corporate
troops.
The company (British East
India Company) took
advantage of the
weakening Mughals and set
up Administrative regions
throughout the empire.
Intellectual
The upper castes of India
were taught English and
expected to learn English
attitudes.
Religion
The British company didn’t
respect local customs of
the Sepoys, Muslims or the
Hindu religious ways.
The British Made the
Sepoys grease their bullet
cartridges of their rifles
with pork and beef fat
which violated their dietary
laws.
Christianity was spread and
the British tried to convert
the Indian and Chinese.
Technology
The British introduced the
rifle to the Indians, which
started a rebellion.
Economics
The British took over the
trade in India (Indian Ocean
Trade).
British fought a lot for the
right to have no limitations
on trading with China.
Society
Indians worked for the
British as soldiers, and they
were also called Sepoys.
The British introduced
Opium to the Chinese and
soon the drug habit among
the Chinese grew so wide
spread that the emperor
forbid the use and sale of
the drug.
Art/ Architecture
Railroads and canals were
built in India.
Pictures
Opium
Horses
• Opium was introduced to the
Chinese by the British. However,
the Chinese emperor banned it
because so many Chinese
workers became addicted to the
opium, and they stopped
working hard.
• The Spanish brought livestock ,
plants, and fruits and introduced
farming and ranching in the
Americas. This caused the cattle
industry to start up, and the jobs
of cowboys and herdsmen
became professions.
Sugarcane
Alfalfa
More pictures
• Brass Crucifixes were made by
the Kongo Kingdom when they
converted to Christianity. Iron
and metal goods were brought
by the Portuguese to Africa, and
the Portuguese taught the
Africans to melt iron and brass
to make molds and sculptures
depicting Christianity.
• The Age of Discovery in Europe
led to the discovery and
conquering of parts of Africa,
parts of Asia (China and India),
and parts of the Americas
(North and Latin).
Chronology
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1492- Christopher Columbus sailed to the Americas hoping to colonize in India from Spain.
1510- the Portuguese took some areas including the Indian port of goa and Malacca and the island of sri lanka.
1512- slaves start to be brought over from Africa to the Americas.
1500’s- Portuguese and Spanish colonies in Brazil and the Caribbean became major centers of sugar production, and
the desire for slave labor became more intense.
1513- the enocomenda system (declared all people in the America Spanish subjects to force notice Americans to work
as slaves. It was ended by the 1530’s and 1540’s because the native Americans proved unable and unwilling to work as
slaves and because the catholic clergy protested against the cruelty and the encomienda was abolished in 1542.
1513- Ferdinand Magellan led an expedition that broadened Spain and Portugal's idea of the world.
1518- The first boatload of slaves were brought directly from Africa to the new world.
1519-1522- The most striking victories of the Spanish in the Americas were the conquest of Montezuma and the Aztecs
by Herman Cortes and the destruction of the Incan empire between 1531- 1536 by Francisco Pizarro.
1534- 1541- Jacques Cartier took the first step in France's settlement of Canada and they established the first cities in
Canada in the early 1600’s
1540- Francis Xavier came to southeast Asia and spent the rest of his life cementing a catholic foothold throughout
Asia.
1500s and 1600s- Jacques carter, Samuel Champlain and other explorers charted the St.. Lawrence river and made
outposts like Quebec and Montreal. In the 1600’s they created the Louisiana territory and that included the great lakes
and the Mississippi basin.
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Chronology
1580- the English fought a series of naval wars with the Spanish and the English gained much navigational knowledge
from these fights.
1600- The English established colonies in north America. (ex. Jamestown)
1621- the Netherlands established the Dutch west India company.
1652- The Dutch migrated to south Africa when a European settlement was established by the Dutch East India
Company at the Cape of Good Hope.
1661- the British east India company established bases in Ceylon (now sri lanka)
1664- the Dutch lost new Netherlands to the English and it was renamed new York.
1701-1763- many wars between the French and the English over the colonies. This included the fight of queen Anne's
war, king George's war, and the French and Indian wars. The third conflict resulted in the English taking over Canada.
1750- the English had defeated the French and took the conquest of India. They took the Mughal state but they kept
the leaders in charge.
1770- James Cook charted the east coast of Australia and claimed the continent for his country. (England)
1784- The Russians established a colony in Alaska.
1788- Full- scale settlement of Australia and in 1830, the British claimed the entire continent of Australia.
1808- news of slave revolts like that on Saint Dominguez and the activities of abolitionists combined to lead Britain and
the United States to prohibit their citizens from participating in the slave trade.
In 1830 France invaded Algeria
1834-1870 large numbers of Indians, Chinese, and Africans went overseas as laborers
Before 1850 the British created a government that relied on military power, disarmed the warriors of the Indian states,
gave free reign to Christian missionaries, and established a private land ownership system in order to ease tax
collection.
After 1857–1858 the British eliminated the last traces of Mughal and Company rule and installed a new government,
administered from London.
After 1857 the British government and British enterprises expanded the production and export of agricultural
commodities and built irrigation systems, railroads, and telegraph lines in India.
1867- Russia sold Alaska to America.
By 1871 130,000 European settlers had taken possession of rich Algerian farmland.
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Compare over time
In Africa, there were many changes over time. First, the Europeans arrived in the early
1500s and started moving African Americans over to America in 1512. Henry the Navigator
sent his Portuguese sailors out to explore the African coast. Then in 1652, the Dutch
migrated to south Africa when a European settlement was established by the Dutch East
India Company at the Cape of Good Hope. The French, Dutch, and English scrambled to
establish colonies and claim territories in Africa for their own and seizing control and taking
advantage of the people resulting in the slavery period.
In Asia, The Europeans took over many parts mainly India. 1750- the English had defeated
the French and took the conquest of India. They took the Mughal state but they kept the
leaders in charge. Before 1850 the British created a government that relied on military
power, disarmed the warriors of the Indian states, gave free reign to Christian missionaries,
and established a private land ownership system in order to ease tax collection.
After 1857–1858 the British eliminated the last traces of Mughal and Company rule and
installed a new government, administered from London.
After 1857 the British government and British enterprises expanded the production and
export of agricultural commodities and built irrigation systems, railroads, and telegraph lines
in India.
In the America's Columbus’ expedition sparked the desire to claim the new land that was
the Americas. In the 1500s and 1600s- Jacques carter, Samuel Champlain and other
explorers charted the St.. Lawrence river and made outposts like Quebec and Montreal. In
the 1600’s they created the Louisiana territory and that included the great lakes and the
Mississippi basin. 1701-1763- many wars between the French and the English over the
colonies. This included the fight of queen Anne's war, king George's war, and the French and
Indian wars. The third conflict resulted in the English taking over Canada. Slaves were
imported from Africa and a government was set up. Finally in 1867 Russia sold Alaska to
America.
Comparing the locations
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The European culture and religion spread to the Americas, Africa and Asia through trading,
conquests and force. Each region was taken over and the Europeans beat the native people
into submission.
In Asia they were forced to lift the limitation on trade with Europe, in Africa they were forced
to work as slaves and miners and in the Americas the Native Americans were pushed farther
from their native homelands.
The Portuguese didn’t have as much of an impact on Africa intellectually as did the British
and Spanish on the Americas and Asia. Africans already had treatments for illnesses. The
Portuguese and the Spanish taught the regions that they conquered how to write and speak
their languages.
The Europeans converted all three of the regions to Christianity. In the Americas the Spanish
set up Catholic Churches and the churches had to tolerate Pueblo Religions. Africans
switched to Christianity fairly easily and fast while in Asia the people rebelled.
Each region was taught how smelt and mold iron and other metals. The Africans used brass
to make molds of the crucifix and people holding the cross, this was after they converted to
Christianity. In the Americas and Asia the Spanish and British taught the Native Americans
how to smelt metal to make weapons.
While in Asia and the Americas traded for food and other products Africa traded slaves and
metals. Slaves, gold and diamonds were the most popular trade in Africa. The more slaves
they traded the bigger the demand for them was. In Asia and the Americas the Europeans
introduced farm animals and new crops to grow.
In all three regions the Europeans held the native people at a lower status. In Africa the
Africans were sold off and forced to do hard labor for no pay at all. In the Americas they tried
to enslave Native Americans but the Native Americans didn’t last long in captivity and in Asia
the Indians were forced into the military.
Impact on today’s world
• The Age of Discovery and Exploration in Europe marked the
beginning of the Europeans seizing control of the world’s sea-lanes.
The Europeans eventually began to create a global market as well
as spread their culture to other areas of the world.
• European culture and ways were brought to the lands discovered
during the Age of Discovery and Exploration. New trade routes
were discovered as well, and this enabled world trade. Trade was
established between Europe and many other parts of the world.
• Colonies were set up in the Americas, leading to new countries.
• Christianity and Catholicism were spread to Asia, the Americas, and
Africa. Many people in those areas converted to Christianity and
Catholicism.
• The Age of Exploration opened the way for geographic knowledge.
Who did what
• Bernice- pictures and today’s world
• Katherine- pirates and comparing locations
• Hannah- chronology and change over time