Transcript 1750-1900

1750-1900
Marcia Louise Hall
ORIGINS OF INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION
• The Purpose of the Industrial Revolution was to
create and advance manual labor.
• This caused more workers for the fields to help tend
to crops.
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: NEW
MACHINES
• Telephone
• Sewing Machine
• Telegraph
• Diesel Engine
• Airplane
• Cotton Gin
EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION ON SOCIETY
• The society caused a great expansion in urbanization.
• Factories were created. This gave people more jobs.
• Cities were built and that gave people a chance to
move and start over.
POLITICAL & ECONOMICAL EFFECTS
OF INDUSTRIALIZATION
Political: The industrial
Economical: Basically,
revolution wouldn’t have
been successful without
politics.
It was also known as the
political revolution.
industrialization negatively
effected the area because it
caused an environmental
change.
FACTORY SYSTEM: SOCIAL
IMPACT
This was a method of
manufacturing! This
method was first brought
up by England, in 1750’s
at the start of the
Industrial Revolution.
FACTORY SYSTEM: ECONOMIC
IMPACT
People who worked didn’t
have to work quite as hard
to get things they wee in
need of. The resources
were in full supply a
majority of the time. It
was easier to buy or trade
for these items.
AMERICAN REVOLUTION: CAUSES
Colonists were taxed without any representation. They
decided they wouldn’t stand for “taxation without
representation”.
Another cause was the age of enlightenment!
AMERICAN REVOLUTION: IMPACT
Many people died, giving
their lives for America.
This was a sign of
Patriotism.
It gave them freedom from
the British that 1/3 gave at a
time.
FRENCH REVOLUTION: CAUSES
• Absolute Monarchy
• Unfair taxes
• Unfair social classes
• Enlightenment spread
• Poor farming
• Louis XVI did NOT accept reforms
• National Assembly was created
NATIONAL ASSEMBLY
• The definition of NATIONAL ASSEMBLY is, “the name of a
legislature or the lower house of a bicameral legislature”.
• During the French Revolution, the National Assembly was
called “Assemblèe nationale”.
• This occurred in 1789.
FRENCH REVOLUTION:
CONVENTION TO NAPOLEON
Napoleon became emperor
and stopped the French
Revolution.
He them made France and
empire.
He was kind of conceited and
crowned himself emperor .
In the convention Napoleon
seized power.
NAPOLEON BONAPARTE
He was a French Military leader
and Emperor.
He lead his military to Europe
and defeated and conquered
them all.
This occurred in the 19 th century.
He was the leader in the French
Revolution (1789-1799).
Bonaparte seized power and
Crowned himself Emperor in
1804.
CONGRESS OF VIENNA
The Congress of Vienna was
known as one of the most
important worldwide conferences
in the history of Europe.
This conference was to help rebuild
the economy after the way
Napoleon I finished as emperor.
It began September 1814 and
ended in June 1815.
LATIN AMERICAN
INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENTS
The Haitian Revolution was the only
time in African history that Slaves stood
up, and helped to overthrow the
oppressors from Europe.
Simon Bolivar and Toussaint
L’Ouverture were two men that fought
for Independence in these movements.
SIMON BOLIVAR
Simon Bolivar was a South
American Soldier who was
much needed to help fight
against the Spanish Empire.
He was sent to Spain to
further on his education.
He soon decided to travel
Europe and fight for
Independence.
HAITIAN REVOLUTION
The Haitian Revolution started August 21, 1791 and lasted until
January 1, 1804.
The Battle of Santo Domingo.
Casualties: 100,000
Military Deaths: 37,000
Civilian Deaths: 63,000
TOUSSAINT-L’OUVERTURE
Toussaint L’Ouverture was a man
who helped fight for independence
during the Spanish American
Movements. He helped to free Haiti.
L’Ovuerture wanted black African
slaves to be freed from their white
masters. He believed that God
would terminate slavery and he felt
God had called his heart to lead the
fight. He was not very successful,
but after he died Haiti gained
freedom.
CONSERVATISM IN EUROPE
European conservatism
was formulated by
Edmund Burke, Joseph
de Maistre, and others.
They wanted to
preserve the power of
the king and aristocracy.
LIBERALISM IN EUROPE
Definition: The political or social Philosophy advocating
the freedom of the individual, parliamentary systems of
government, nonviolent modification of political, social,
or economic institutions to assure unrestricted
development.(Dictionary.com)
• Basically Liberalism is to protect and promote
individual liberty!
NATIONALISM
Definition: Devotion
and loyalty to one’s own
nation; also known as
patriotism.
Basically it means the wish
the people in which they
govern themselves.
SOCIALISM
Definition: A system of social
organization that advocates the
vesting of the ownership and
control of the means of production
and distribution, of capital, land,
etc.
Its in the community as a whole.
(found on dictionary.com)
KARL MARX
Born in Trier Germany in
1818. He had Jewish parents
but soon became an atheist as
he grew older. He studied law
at the University of Bonn, but
soon he moved to Berlin to
study philosophy. He found the
“Epochs of history”.
UNIFICATION OF GERMANY
• 1990 German reunification
in which the GDR
(German Democratic Republic)
joined with the FRG
(Federal Republic of Germany).
• Berlin was made into a
single city and was put into
constitution Article 23.
OTTO VON BISMARCK
• Chancellor of Germany.
• 1871-1890.
• President of Prussia from 18621890.
• Wanted Germany to be whole
again under unification.
• Lead many wars.
• Pointy Hat!
ITALIAN UNIFICCATION
Political and Social Movement
that pushed together different
states into the single state of Italy.
The Italian Peninsula was pushed
in!
1848-1870.
ZIONISM
Definition: Worldwide Jewish movement that resulted in
the establishment and development of the state of
Israel.(Dictionary.com)
CRIMEAN WAR(1853-1856)
Lasted almost 40 years.
The war was fought with the same machines and materials in the
last interval, as it was in the first.
This was started a change in the British Military.
It allowed a wealthy man to buy commission for himself and for
his son also.
EMANCIPATION OF SERFS IN
RUSSIA(1861)
The serfs were emancipated
because of the Crimean
War.
The Crimean war left Russia
in a state of weakness. Soon,
Russia was back to original
state and this lead to the
abolishing of the Serfs.
NEW IMPERIALISM: CAUSES
Three causes for new imperialism:
Nationalism
Social Darwinism
Military Development
“THE WHITE MAN’S BURDEN”
The White man’s burden, is a poem
written in 1899.
Written by Rudyard Kipling.
He was an English poet.
The poem was originally written for
Queen Victoria’s famous “Diamond
Jubilee”.
SOCIAL DARWINISM
Social Darwinism, is saying that the strongest would most likely
survive on a higher rate, than those who weren’t strong
(figuratively speaking).
Herbert Spencer was the inventor of Social Darwinism.
Basically, he created the thought of adaptation which is very
useful ,even today.
SEPOY REBELLION
• The Sepoy Rebellion was also
known as the Indian Revolt of
1857.
• It began in May of 1857 and lasted
until 1859.
• It was caused by British interfering
with the Indian people. This caused
an oppression, leading to a revolt
from the bad economy in the
Indian tribes.
INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS
(INC): ORIGINS
The INC was founded in 1885.
Economic reforms were composed by
the original members.
They wanted a larger role to be sent in
for India.
In 1907 is was finalized , but the
congress had split into a moderate
group.
The group was led by Gopal Krishna
Gokhale.
KING LEOPOLD
• Was king for two different countries
at the same time. He lived from 18351905!
• He ruled over Belgium and a Congo
Free state (former name of the
Democratic Republic of the Congo).
• He had trouble with setting up
different standards and rules for both
countries.
BERLIN CONFERENCE (1884-1885)
The African territory was invaded
by the colonial powers. Political
fragmentation was created in
1950 after the independence was
formed. The people were unsure
of the political fragmentation
because they assumed it was to be
unstable or overpower people
because of its workability.
OPIUM WAR: CAUSES
The Opium War was caused
when the imperialist nations
wanted to trade ok things for
higher prices and receive good
things from China for lower
prices. Things such as Silk, and
spices, were wanted most of all.
Silk was of value and spices
cured sickness and disease and
were sued for flavoring foods.
OPIUM WAR: RESULTS
• Also known as the Anglo-Chinese war.
• These wars lasted from 1839-1842 and 1856-1859.
• This war resulted in the decisive victory of the Western powers
over China.
• This result, resulted in the Treaty of Nanjing and also the
Treaty of Tianjin.
• Two wars occurred (same dates apply).
TAIPING REBELLION (1850’S AND
1885’S)
This was known as one of the most important events in China
during the 19th Century.
Occurred from 1850 through 1864.
17 provinces were brought up and over 20,000,000 lives were
ended.
This messed with the Qing dynasty.
SELF-STRENGTHENING
MOVEMENT
Occurred during the Opium
War.
This was a reason for China
wanting to strengthen its
economy.
They wanted to strengthen
their economy because most
all of their integrity was lost.
SPHERES OF INFLUENCE
A certain division over an
organization that provides a
significant political, social,
economical, and military
influence on the people.
• Definition: any area in which
one nation wields dominant
power over another or others.
(found on dictionary.com)
BOXER REBELLION(1899-1900)
• The Boxer Rebellion caused tension in China.
• It targeted the Manchu dynasty and the
European influence on China.
• 1985, China lost control of Korea and Japan
and was also defeated by Japan.
• The Chinese believed the defeat was caused by
the Europeans.
MONROE DOCTRINE
The Monroe doctrine was a set of principles
known to help benefit American policies.
The Doctrine consisted of 3 parts.
• A reaffirmation of America’s need in Europe’s
affairs.
• A warning was sent out to the European nations;
telling them not to mess with the independent
nations of the Western Hemisphere.
• A pronouncement was also sent out, letting the W.
Hemisphere know the option of a colonization was
no longer available.
SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR(18981899)
A war was declared on the United States by Spain. This war was
caused because the U.S was supportive of Cuba’s wish to have an
independent Spanish rule. Cubans were forced into slave
communities because of the Spanish Military. Thousands of people
died from starving to death and diseases. This war was declared in
April of 1898. The city of Santiago, Cuba was forced to surrender.
This occurred from the American ships that destroyed them. This
lead to the end of the Spanish resistance.
U.S. OPEN DOOR POLICY
At the time no one was in control and had
power over China. This meant that people
could most likely do what they’d please with
trade. This policy stated that Europe and the
United States could trade with China as much
as they’d like to. After the policy was posted,
other countries saw and became upset with the
unfairness that was being caused. China was
aware but did not budge. This policy continued
and opened up many doors for extreme trading
between Europe and U.S.A.
OPENING OF JAPAN
• A man named Matthew Perry was a shipman who fought in
numerous battles.
• He was instructed to make a treaty with Japan and sign it.
• He also signed an agreement, allowing him and American seaman to
have use of one of the Japanese ports for trading .
MEIJI RESTORATION
• The Meiji Restoration was a revolution that involved the social
and political aspects of Japan.
• This revolution occurred from 1866 through 1869.
• The Restoration caused the Tokugawa ‘shogun’, to resign and
bring back the Emperor.
• With the returning of the Emperor, the social and political
portions were brought back to a Central position in the
economy.
SINO- JAPANESE WAR
The first Sino-Japanese war started in 1895
with the Qing dynasty of china and the
Meiji of Japan.
It ended in the 8 th month with the Qing
dynast losing.
They asked for peace, even though the war
was mainly in control of Korea.
DECLINE OF OTTOMAN EMPIRE
This empire fell because of internal
downsizing and external pressure. With
a weaker economy, this resulted in
Europe “invading” Africa and
“harassing” them.
The Europeans did this for trade
benefits to help their own country.
MUHAMMAD ALI- EGYPT
• Known as the “pasha of
Egypt”.
• Was the commander for the
Turkey army in attempt to
push Napoleon out of Egypt.
• His plan was unsuccessful .
STEAM ENGINE
A steam engine is an engine that converts
energy from heat to mechanical energy.
This process causes the steam to travel
through a cylinder, making the steam push
through and rise into the air!
• First steam engine was built in 1698 by
Thomas Savery.
• This was the largest power source during
the Industrial Revolution!
INTERCHANGEABLE PARTS
• Interchangeable parts: To make products seem as identical as can be.
• Interchangeable parts were used in factories and assembly lines to help
create multiples of an item, to make things in a shorter period of time.
The interchangeability allows factory workers to replace a piece or redo an
item in a shorter amount of time without making mistakes.
The line was mainly filled with guns to make.
COTTON GIN
The Cotton Gin was a machine used for making it easier to pick
cotton seeds out of the ball. The wheel on the cotton gin was
used for spinning cotton and creating thread. Thread was used to
sew together all items of clothing. The spun cotton was also used
as the material for the clothing. The gin started out with a crank
to turn by hand to spin the cotton. Later on, a foot pedal replaced
the hand crank to make the process easier. The
inventor was Eli Whitney!
TELEGRAPH
• The telegraph was used as a communication device to transfer
electric signals from one area to another area as a message.
• Samuel F.B. Morse was the inventor of this divine invention.
• He invented the telegraph in the 1830’s and in 1844, he sent
the very first message.
• When the message was received, it was followed by a
•
clicking sound. This was to alert the person a
message is ready for them!