Transcript Chapter 22 Sections 1-2: The Scientific Revolution and the

Chapter 22 Sections 1
Study Guide
The Scientific Revolution
and the Enlightenment
Overview of science
in Western history
►
500s-400s BCE
 During the "Golden Age of Greece," scientific research produced many
theories based on observation; some are still valid today. Alexander's
conquests furthered this process by spreading Hellenistic culture.
►
200s CE - 476 CE
 During the Roman era, scientific research focused on practical uses of
science such as civil & hydraulic engineering e.g. city planning, road
building, aqueduct construction, etc.
►
500-1500 CE
 During the Middle Ages, scientific research slowed down due to declining
education and a lack of curiosity about how & why things happened.
►
600s-1600s CE in the Islamic world
 Science was quite advanced in comparison with Europe. Mathematicians
developed algebra and much basic work in astronomy was done (from
which Europeans later benefited.)
CAUSES OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
Translated works of
Muslim scientists
Classical manuscripts
translated and
examined
Printing Press
Age of Exploration
SCIENTIFIC
REVOLUTION
Study world by
observation and
questioning old or
traditionally accepted
beliefs
Two Views of the Universe:
►
►
MEDIEVAL
 Geocentric Theory
 Basis:
► “Common
► Classical
sense”
authorities
► Christianity
and Church
SCIENTIFIC
REVOLUTION
 Heliocentric Theory
 Basis:
► Copernicus
 Heliocentric theory
► Brahe
 Compiles data
► Kepler
 Elliptical orbits
 Planetary motion
► Galileo
 Laws of motion
 Observations of space
THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
1. Observation of natural
world leads to problem or
question
2. Form hypothesis
(unproved assumption)
3. Test hypothesis through
experimentation
4. Analyze and interpret
results
CONFIRM HYPOTHESIS
REJECT HYPOTHESIS