Transcript File

WORLD HISTORY AND
GEOGRAPHY
Semester II
Final Exam
Review
INDUSTRIALIZATION AND IMPERIALISM
1 . What motivated Western nations to expand overseas during
the industrial era?
 Need for raw materials for factory production
2. What factors made India Great Britain’s most important, and
valuable colony?
 India offered crucial port facilities for the British navy
 India was a major outlet for British manufactured goods
 India was an important supplier of British raw materials
3. Describe international relations among the Western powers
in the decades leading up to the start of WWI in 1914?
 Rivalry involving colonial spoils, arms races, and alliance formation
INDUSTRIALIZATION AND IMPERIALISM
4. What was the purpose of the Berlin Conference of 1885?
 To negotiate how Western industrial nations would partition the
continent of Africa
5. Describe the geographical origins and spread of the Industrial
Revolution
 Great Britain, Continental Europe, United States
6. In comparison to other Western civilizations in the 1800s, what
factor made the United States unique?
 Persistence of racialized slavery
7. Why was the unification of Germany significant to the balance of
power in Europe in the decades leading to 1914?
 German unification and industrialization upset the established
diplomatic and economic order among Western powers
INDUSTRIALIZATION AND IMPERIALISM
8. Describe the social, political, and economic consequences of
industrial development?
 Organized labor union movements
9. Describe Social Darwinism and its influence on society
 Survival of the fittest
 Weakest members of society left behind
 Applied to nations
10. In the nineteenth century, what did colonized portions of
Africa and Asia have in common with formally independent
nations in Latin America?
 A dependent position in the world economy due to the rise of Western
industrial capitalism
INDUSTRIALIZATION AND IMPERIALISM
11 . Which events in Europe contributed most directly to the wave
of independence struggles in early nineteenth century Latin
America?
 The French Revolution and Napoleon’s invasion of Spain
12. Where did U.S. influence expand most greatly as a result of the
Spanish- American War?
 The Caribbean
13. A long period of Ottoman territorial retreat ended with the
birth of which modern nation?
 Turkey
14. What made Egypt an attractive target for Western imperialist
expansion in the late 1800s?
 Construction and control of the Suez Canal
RISE AND FALL IN RUSSIA AND ASIA
15. Describe the factors that contributed to the decline of the
Qing dynasty in China.
 Peasant Rebellion
 Political Corruption
 Foreign invasion
16. What was the Qing Dynasty’s attitude toward the West in
the period before the Opium Wars?
 Saw them as a barbarian influence
17. Why did the British turn to trading Opium in China?
 The Chinese didn’t need or want any other commodities
RISE AND FALL IN RUSSIA AND ASIA
18. Why did monarchy survive so much longer in Russia than it
did in any other European nation?
 The defeat of Napoleon in 1812 seemed to indicate that a royal
power could beat a modern power
 Serfdom continued to provide a stable labor system
 Czarist autocracy insulated Russia from the uprisings of 1830 and
1848 that destabilized the rest of the European monarchies
19. As a result of the Russian Revolution in 1905, what major
reform was put into place in Russia?
 A national representative assembly, the Duma, was established
20. What was the significance of the Meiji Restoration in
Japanese history?
 It launched Japan on a course of modernization and westernization
RISE AND FALL IN RUSSIA AND ASIA
21 . How did industrial development in Japan and Russia dif fer
from similar processes in Western Europe and the United
States?
 Industrial development tended to be more state -directed
22. Why was the Russo-Japanese war a significant turning point
in world history?
 A non-Western power defeated a modern European power in battle
23. How did the Russian and Chinese revolutions compare to
the French Revolution?
 The ideas of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
WWI, THE RISE OF FASCISM, AND WWII
24. What sentiments, ideologies, and perspectives were
represented in Adolf Hitler’s Mein Kampf?
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Stronger dominating the weaker
Fascism
Social Darwinism
Anti-Semitism
Aryan race
25. Describe the era that included the events of WWI, the Great
Depression, and WWII?
 Age of Catastrophe
26. Where did most of the fighting take place on the Western
Front during WWI?
 France
WWI, THE RISE OF FASCISM, AND WWII
27. What type of warfare best describes that which was used
during WWI?
 Trench Warfare
28. What are the major causes of WWI?
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Militarism
Alliances
Imperialism
Nationalism
Assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand
29. How did the First World War defy the expectation of political
elites in the West once it had begun?
 The conflict was longer and bloodier than expected
 Alliance systems did not survive after the war
 Russia turned from czarism to communism
WWI, THE RISE OF FASCISM, AND WWII
30. Why did women win the right to vote in many Western
societies after WWI?
 Crucial contributions in wartime factory production lent legitimacy to
ongoing calls for political and social equality for women
31 . What legacy of WWI do historians argue led to the
beginning of WWII?
 The harsh provisions the Treaty of Versailles placed on Germany
32. What conditions allowed dictators like Stalin, Hitler, and
Mussolini to rise to power in Europe?
 Economic depression, unemployment, social unrest
WWI, THE RISE OF FASCISM, AND WWII
33. What was the main significance of the Nazi -Soviet
Nonaggression Pact?
 It gave Hitler the freedom to attack Poland, without fear of a counter attack from Stalin
34. Describe the criteria for a genocide.
 Killing members of a group
 Causing serious bodily or mental harms to members of a group
 Inflicting conditions of life meant to bring about the group’s destruction,
in whole or in part
 Forcibly moving children of the group to another group
35. What method of preparation did the Germans use to prepare
for a Jewish genocide?
 Jews were gathered and forced to live in ghettos before they were sent to
concentration camps
WWI, THE RISE OF FASCISM, AND WWII
36. How did Americans feel about Japanese Americans after the
attack at Pearl Harbor?
 Feared Japanese Americans were acting as agents for the Japanese
government
37. Which major allied European country was not controlled by
Germany in 1941-1942?
 United Kingdom
COLD WAR ERA, DECOLONIZATION, AND
GLOBALIZATION
38. Describe the characteristics of the societies of Western
Europe in the decades after WWII?
 Expanding welfare state provisions
 Steady economic growth
39. Describe the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and
the Warsaw Pact.
 Collective security organizations
40. What region of Europe was controlled by the Soviet Union
after WWII?
 Soviet Satellite States in Eastern Europe
COLD WAR ERA, DECOLONIZATION, AND
GLOBALIZATION
41 . On what continent did the United States fight its two largest
conflicts of the Cold War Era?
 Asia
42. What crisis brought the United States and the Soviet Union
to the brink of nuclear war in 1962?
 The installation of Soviet offensive missiles in Cuba
43. What was the most significant factor that prevented many
African states from achieving political stability in the decades
after their independence?
 Ethnic and religious conflicts caused by the inclusion of rival groups
within the same borders
COLD WAR ERA, DECOLONIZATION, AND
GLOBALIZATION
44. What is neocolonialism and how does it play a role in the
world today?
 Theoretical independent state, but in reality controlled politically and
economically from a foreign power
45. Describe Western economic interests overseas in the
postcolonial era?
 They are pursued by multinational corporations
46. What factors have made the Middle East significant to the
rest of the world?
 Religious and ethnic conflict
 Existence of vast oil reserves
COLD WAR ERA, DECOLONIZATION, AND
GLOBALIZATION
47. In India and Pakistan today, feelings of nationalism are
intertwined with religious conflict between what two ideologies?
 Muslims and Hindus
48. How can we best describe the trends of the twentieth
century?
 Rise and fall of communism and political independence for former
colonies
49. Which of the following are characteristics of globalization?
 Sharing of cultural symbols and traditions
 Economic integration
 Political assimilation