Transcript Anglo-Saxon period: 5th---1066

Chapter 2
History
• When did the recorded history of Britain
begin?
• Who successfully invaded Britain?
• Where did the name “Britain” come from?
I. The Founding of the Nation
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55 BC: Julius Caesar
43 BC: Claudius I
Ruled by the Romans
Roman period: 43 BC --- 5th century
Anglo-Saxon period: 5th---1066
• Why did the Romans leave England?
• Who were the rulers in the Anglo-Saxon
period?
• What was the dominant language at that
time?
• Religion
1. Who was sent to Britain to
convert the Anglo-Saxons?
2. What was the dominant
religion in Britain during the
Anglo-Saxon period?
• Fight for
territory
between the
Vikings and
the AngloSaxons
1. Who was Alfred the Great?
2. Why was he entitled “Great”?
3. Why was King Edward
entitled “Confessor”?
Anglo-Saxon period: 5th---1066
• Religion: (conversion)
– St. Augustine: first Archbishop of
Canterbury in 601
– Roman Christianity
• Fight for territory between the Vikings
and the Anglo-Saxons:
– Alfred the Great: united
Anglo-Saxon period: 5th---1066
• Edward the Confessor:
– A pious Christian: built Westminster Abbey
– Died without an heir
Norman Period:1066---1154
• What is the significance of “Norman Conquest”?
• Norman Conquest:
– Establishment of feudalism in England
• Years of battles: 1087---1154
• Who won the battles and which monarch started
to rule England?
House of Plantagenet : 1154---1485
• House of Anjou/Plantagenet (1154-1485):
– Henry II: father of common law/jury system
– King John: Magna Carta
• Law: not the will of the king, but an independent
power
• Foundation of British constitutionalism
• Protection of individual rights
– Henry III
• When the House of Commons and the House of
Lords were created.
Magna Carta (1215)
• Progressive significances:
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Protection of individual rights
Merchants and craftsmen as political force
Standardization of measurement
Freedom of trade and self-government of the
townspeople
• Simon de Montfort:
– Provision of Oxford to limit the King’s
power by calling regular meetings of a 15menber baronial council
– Provision of Westminster
– Included commoners
– Parliament emerged
House of Plantagenet: 1154---1485
• The Hundred Years’ War (1337---1453)
• Who fought during the war?
• Which party won the war?
– Between England and France
– England lost. France won.
• Impacts:
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English nationalism
Textile industry
Bourgeois class
Decline of feudalism
House of Plantagenet: 1154---1485
• The Wars of Roses (1455---1485)
• Who fought during the war?
• Which party won the war?
– Between two noble families in England
– Henry VII (House of Lancaster) won
House of Tudor: 1485---1603
(II. Transition to the Modern Age)
• Religious reformation
• Who wanted to convert the dominant religion?
• Why there was a hatred towards Roman Pope?
– Roman Catholic Church v.s. absolute monarchy of the
King of England
– King Henry VIII
– Queen Elizabeth I
• Make compromises
• Consolidate the power of England
House of Stuart:1603---1714
Civil War
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Who:
When:
Where:
Why:
• How:
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Cavaliers v.s. Roundheads
1642
England
Monopolies on certain
commodities; Parliament
dissolved by King Charles I
• Monarchy abolished, England a
republic (1649)
House of Stuart:1603---1714
• What is so glorious about the “Glorious”
Revolution?
• What is the significance of Bill of Rights?
• No blood was shed.
• Constitutional monarchy
• Industrial Revolution:
– Reasons
• Market; Money; Manpower
– Inventions:
• Spinning Jenny; Steam engine
– Results:
• Industrial productivity increased
• Mass urbanization
• Changes in class structure (Capitalist class)
III. The Rise and Fall of the
British Empire
• Early colonies
• The Victorian Age (1837---1901)
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Further industrialization
New Imperialism
Colonies in Asia and Africa
Four self-governing dominions
Britain in the World Wars
• What do you know about the world wars?
• Why were they called the “world” wars?
World War I
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Who:
When:
Where:
Why:
The Central Powers v.s. the Allied Powers
June 28, 1914
Sarajevo
Austrian Archduke’s assassination
Power balance; interest conflict; colonial
rivalry
• How:
To Britain: manpower drained; ships sunk;
sea supremacy lost; national debt; slack
business
World War II
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Who:
When:
Where:
Why:
How:
Axis v.s. the Allies
Sep. 1, 1939---1945
Poland
Germany wanted its position back
Power lost forever: people killed; navy
smaller; reserves exhausted; deeply in debt
to the U.S.
The Fall of the Empire
• Independence Movement
• British Empire
• British Commonwealth of Nations
Britain Since WWII
• Foreign policy: “Three Majestic Circles”:
– Commonwealth circle
– Special relationship with the U.S.
– Close relationship with Western Europe