Transcript Russia & Japan`s Industrialization

Russia & Japan:
Industrialization Outside the
West
AP World History
Similarities
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Maintained economic and political independence
during the West’s century of power
Prior experience of imitation
Knew that learning from outsiders could be
profitable and need not destroy their native cultures
Improved their political effectiveness during the 17th
& 18 centuries
Used the state to sponsor changes (in the West
change was initiated by private businesses)
Similarities
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Expansionist
Literacy increases
Not much reform or industrialization the first half of
19th century
Tensions between traditionalists and reformist
intellectuals
Extensive railroad network created
New parliaments created
Imitated West but retained identity
Centralized authoritarian states
Similarities
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Pre World War I Russia and Japan were NOT
equal to the West
Rise contributed to the growing sense of
competition between established western
powers
Russia
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Process of industrialization undercut social
stability
Tsarist empire improved political effectiveness
Prior experience of imitating Byzantium
Alliances after 1815
Decembrist Uprising (1825)
Loss in Crimean War (1853-56) convinces
leaders to reform (socially and militarily)
Emancipation of the serfs (1861)
Russia
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Lacked a middle class
Low technical standards in factories
Lacked a highly trained labor force
Business people were not assertive in
challenging aristocratic power
Rise of intelligentsia (like Lenin)
Workers were more radical than in the west
Russia
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Expansionist (Black Sea, East Asia,
Balkans(?)
Duma (parliament)
Rich in natural resources
Russo-Japanese War (1905)
Japan
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Process of industrialization maintained greater
social cohesion
Tokugawa shogunate improved political
effectiveness
Prior experience of imitating China (religion,
written language, etc)
Shogunate weakens
Japan becomes more secular
Japan
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Rejection of Chinese medicine and culture
Commodore Perry uses military pressure to
force trade (1853)
Period of isolation ends
New emperor proclaimed (1868) Meiji
Restoration
Political changes went deeper than in Russia
Abolished feudalism (1871)
Japan
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Samurai issues
Modernized army, navy, government banks, etc.
Land reform motivated production, new fertilizers, &
new equipment
Centralized imperial rule
Expansionist & imperialist (Korea, Manchuria,
Taiwan) – fueled economic needs, growing industrial
and military strength, and population pressure
Rise of the ziabatsu
Japanese government maintained closer supervision
of industrialization than Russia
Japan
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Incorporated business leaders into its governing
structure
Resource poor
Industrialization changed Japan more profoundly
than Russia
Universal education system introduced
Government initiative dominated manufacturing
(transportation and military)
Economic growth and careful government policy
allowed Japan to avoid western domination
Labor organization was repressed
Japan
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Diet (parliament)
Sino-Japanese War (1894-95)
Western haircuts, hygiene, calendar, & metric system
Nationalism was built on traditions of superiority,
cohesion, deference to rulers, and tensions from
rapid change
Nationalism helped them avoid a revolution
Leaders encouraged national loyalty and devotion to
the emperor
Japan’s surge promoted a fear in the West of a new
yellow peril